The 1886 Mount Tarawera Eruption :: volcano, Mount Tarawera

In this essay I will tell you about the 1886 Tarawera Eruption. More specifically I will tell you about the effects the 1886 eruption had on the natural environment and ton the local communities of the region. 10th of June 1886, soon after midnight. Mt Tarawera light up like fireworks. BOOM Molten rock came flying out of the crater, with a cloud of ash rising 9.5km into the sky. People as removed as Blenheim could hear the thunder like noises but had no idea what it could be. Although the people of Rotorua k pertly exactly what was happening Mount Tarawera was erupting The Mt. Tarawera eruption was the largest eruption in freshly Zealand for 800 years. Before the eruption, many people claimed to see a ghostly canoe on Lake Rotomahana. Maori say it was warning them that death is coming. The lake temperatures were also changing as rise as more waves. Sadly nobody linked those back to Mt. Tarawera. The eruption caused the land to dramatically change. In my mind I think the biggest loss would bedevil to be the pink and white terraces. The loss of pink and white terraces was a huge blow to New Zealands tourist industry. People around the world came to bathe in these marvels which covered a 3 ha (hectares) area and descending 30 metres, they were massive. The pink and white terraces were about to be named one of the seven wonders of the world. No tourists would want to come and see the ash over the terraces. Millions of dollars lost. After the eruption, the region of Tarawera was covered by infertile ash. The eruption layered the volcanic ash which is truly poor in nutrients. This meant that the people could no longer grow their food or graze animals. Maori used to call the central North Island Kaingaora Meaning propensity and hungry land. The native bushes and scrub land close to Taraweras eruption was burnt and a lot of vegetation have never recovered. This resulted in another commencement of food and building materials was destroyed, mak ing it an even harder area to live in.For one village, Te Wairoa, was covered in ash. This meant that the people had to move and start a new village and life. Around Tarawera the lakes and rivers became heavily polluted with ash.

Review of Hatchet by Gary Paulsen Essay -- Hatchet Gary Paulsen

Review of Hatchet by Gary PaulsenI read the book Hatchet by Gary Paulsen. The book was around a thirteen-year-old boy named Brian Robeson who was stranded in a cream off crash. He was out in the Canadian wilderness trying to visit his dad. Brian is left(p) with zilch but his clothing a tattered windbreaker, and the hatchet his mother had given him as a present.First as Brian and the pilot were flying to Brian father?s house the pilot was showing Brian how to fly the plane. ? Here, put your hands on the controls, your feet on the rudder pedals, and I?ll show you what I mean?(P. 4). During the flight the pilot seemed to be having trouble with pain in his arm and office. Little did he know that this was a sign of a major heart attack. ? And now a shudder took him like a hammer blow, so forcefully that he seemed to crush back into the seat, and Brian reached for him, could not understand at first what it was, could not know. And then knew? ( P.10). Brian was left all alone , to fly the plane by himself and he knew he didn?t have much of a chance to survive. Next the big problem was that the plane ran out of fuel and it took a slight dive. The plane went into a glide and continued to descend. He spotted a lake and steered towards the lake. He wasn?t a heavy pilot and ended up in the trees instead of the lake were he originally wanted to go. ?There were great wrenching as the wings caught the pines at the side of the clearing and broke back, ripping back just outs...

Robert Frost Home Burial - The Insensitive, Selfish Husband Essay

The Insensitive, Selfish Husband of Home Burial fifty-fifty in the ambient of relationships, the death of a baby can separate and form a wedge between a husband and wife. Husbands and wives tend to handle the process of distress differently, not only because of the differences between male and female, but also because of personality and the social molding in ones upbringing. In the poem, Home Burial, Robert Frost gives a glimpse of the conflicts caused by non-communication and misunderstanding between a husband and wife upon the death of their first and only child. Their conflict is rooted in part in the husbands selfishness, revealed by his insensitivity, narrow-mindedness, and pride. The husbands selfishness is reflected in his unconscious insensitivity to his wifes feelings. The death of a child is extremely hard for anyone to deal with, but it seems to be an impossible task for the mans wife Amy. Even in just walking down the stairs from a window overlooking their family gr aveyard, her frequent Looking back over her shoulder at approximately fear (3) is a sign of Amys inability to let go of her emotional hurt. The husband seems to be blind to her concern, for he has to ask her, What is it you see / From up thither always?for I want to know (6?7). It is not until he goes to the window and looks out for awhile that he finally makes the connection that his wife is hurting from the clutch of . . . the childs mound? (30). Amy tries to run away from confrontation with her grief, for she . . . slides downstairs And turns on her husband with . . . a daunting look, . . . (32?33). The air between them might have begun to clear if her husband had not lost his temper and lashed out saying, Cant a man speak o... ...ring you back by force. I will? (116). His prideful male instinct of leadership cannot tackle her rebellion, and her assertive independence takes her right out the door. The difficulty of men understanding women and women understanding men can prob ably be traced back to creation. When life adds much(prenominal) things as death on top of individual personality traits, the balance in a marriage often teeters. In his personal views and ideals, the husband in Frosts poem has begun to build a brick wall between Amy and himself. Since his understanding of Amy and her grief has not moved beyond the point of self, he might be shutdown to placing the last brick in the wall. Works Cited Frost, Robert. Home Burial. Introduction to Literature Reading, Analyzing, and Writing.2nd ed. Ed. Dorothy U. Seyler and Richard A. Wilan. Englewood Cliffs Prentice, 1990. 144?47.

Female Juvenile Delinquency in Canada Essay -- Criminal Justice Essays

Female upstart Delinquency in CanadaThe punishment for girls was much more harsh in the early days of Canadas history when detestation was seen as an intolerable part of town life. Young girls of age thirteen and fourteen were often hanged for theft in the mid to late 17th speed of light Quebec or put in detention centres (usually a hospital) for as much as six years at a time (Carrigan 8). Age was sometimes taken into consideration for serious crimes and so whipping and branding was used instead of execution. The practise in Halifax in 1815 was to whip a girl thirty-nine times at the community whipping post (Carrigan 37). The most common problem among girls during this time and in the following years was prostitution and theft among early girls (Carrigan 23). Moving into more modern times, crime rates among young girls continue to join on. From 1974 to 1993, crime went up about 6% among girls for all offences (Carrigan 203). Prostitution, again, is a huge aid with girls as you ng as eleven years old participating and statistics such as 5,000 to 10,000 girls across Canada engaging in this form of deviance (Carrigan 186). Crimes that engage been classed as particularly male crimes are now being committed more and more by females. These crimes include drug abuse, robbery, assault with a lethal weapon, and murder. Girls also resort to punching, kicking, cutting off another girls hair, and burning with a cigarette as forms of assault (Carrigan 186-188). The 1990s has also seen the scrape up of female gangs, especially in the Toronto area. Girls are seen as just as violent as boys and showing as little remorse. Membership attitude is less(prenominal) rigid since members can come and go as they please, and often include bored, wealt... ... therapy session. Individual counselling was also available. Group homes turned out to be a more successful rehabilitation device than training schools. The coming of the Young Offenders Act brought about the building of ne w facilities called detention centres in Canada. The goals of these centres are to increase the offenders understanding of his/her behaviour, to improve their ability to control their behaviour, to promote interpersonal skills, and to provide for academic and vocational skills to build self-esteem and to provide access to employment one time released (Carrigan 245). The Nova Scotia Youth Centre in Waterville is the closest detention centre in the area and it can house 120 males and females. It opened in July of 1988. Reference Carrigan, D. Owen. Juvenile Delinquency in Canada A History. Irwin Publishing, Concord, Ontario, 1998.

World War I and the Domestic Casualty of the Industrial Workers of the World :: World History Workers Work Essays

valet War I and the Domestic Casualty of the Industrial Workers of the World The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) worked in the early 20th century to organize all labor to collectively strive for the interests of labor and in order to stimulate a more democratic society, in spite of possible resistance from the interests of capital and the repercussions that were to occur in reaction to organizing (Bird et al 1). Although, in a mostly defunct form, it still exists today as an international labor union, the height of the labor movement occurred towards the mid-late 1910s, with the practical demise of its influence occurring during the time in which the united States entered into the First World War (Bird et al 4). Persecution and physical harassment by the federal government, the exercising of the force of legal rational authority by land governments, cultural hostility toward the IWW, and internal quarrels of leadership and indecision in the IWW were the key factors that l ead to the downfall of the Wobblies. The burden placed on common workers at the farm of the century, whether in industry or agriculture, was great. A mass of surplus labor at this time, literally millions of laborers, (Bird et al 3) had created a situation in which the private owners of the fashion of production could exercise a great deal of economic power over individual workers. While jobs were relatively few, unemployed job seekers and drifters were many. Thus, using the capitalistic values of the marketplace, the market value of the commodity of labor was generally very low, and the workers, each individually powerless against the strength of employers, were, when fortunate enough to land a job, given subsistence level wages while oft working under very hazardous work conditions. While owners were securing what is perhaps the greatest interest of capital, profit, workers were coerced by the situations of reality to sell their labor to merely attempt to survive. Under the desperate drive of many hungry stomachs and desolate lives, workers saw a need to organize, gift rise to labor several labor movements.One of the most prominent and perhaps most radical and revolutionary of the movements was the IWW. The Wobblies, as they would become more usually known, were officially formed on June 27, 1905. (Bird et al 2) The IWW was founded in the aftermath

Essay --

In the 1990s, sexuality inculcation in the amalgamated States took a behavioural focus with two distinctive and widely disunited approaches. The first abstinence-until-espousement, limits ordinant dictation to why adolescent people should not have sex until they are espoused. The second, match and authentic sexuality edification inspirits students to defer sex until they are older and to practice safer sex when they choke sexu aloney active. Studies of sexuality edification in the Coalesced States show that most frequently edified subjects include factual information about magnification and development, reproductive systems, dating and setting limits, abstinence and refusal skills, pregnancy and parenting, and STDs, including human immunodeficiency virus (CSC, 2011 ). While extemporaneous pregnancies among teens in the U.S. is at the lowest rate in years, American puerilers are still getting pregnant at a often spicyer rate than their counterparts in other develo ped countries 3x more often than teens in Germany and France, and 4x more often than teens in the Netherlands. In 2010, extemporaneous pregnancies among U.S. teens dropped to 34.3 births per 1,000 girls aged 15-19 harmonize to the most recent health statistics. Thats great news, but its still the highest teen pregnancy rate among developed nations. A report pass last month by The Centers for Disease Control and Obviation (CDC) surveyed 5,000 girls in 19 states who became pregnant unintentionally and gave birth between 2004 and 2008. 50% of these girls did not hold birth control and one third of these girls didnt cerebrate they could get pregnant. As the article A moiety of Teen Moms Dont put on Birth Control Why thats no surprise in Time Magazine (2012) points out, w... ...n mothers account for 11% of all births in the US. Out of all teen pregnancies, 57% end in birth. Another 14% end in miscarriage. Proximately a third of pregnant teenagers cull abortion. Out of all teenage pregnancies, 29% are terminated by abortion. Ebony teens have the highest teen pregnancy rate. For puerile women age 15-19, ebony teens are most liable to become pregnant (134 per 1,000 women). Scarcely lower rates occur among Hispanics (131 per 1,000) followed by non-Hispanic whites (48 per 1,000). The teen pregnancy rate reached an all-time high in 1990 with an estimated 116.9 per thousand and an all-time high birth rate of 61.8 births per thousand in 1991. By 2002, the pregnancy rate had dropped to 75.4 per thousand - a decline of 36%. However, a December 2007 report by the Centers for Disease Control shows a 3% increase in teenage pregnancy from 2005 to 2006.

Essay --

In the 1990s, sexuality inculcation in the Coalesced States took a behavioral focus with two distinctive and widely disunited approaches. The first abstinence-until-espousement, limits ordinant dictation to why adolescent people should not have sex until they are espoused. The second, balanced and authentic sexuality edification inspirits students to disconcert sex until they are older and to practice safer sex when they become sexually active. Studies of sexuality edification in the Coalesced States show that most frequently learn subjects include factual information about magnification and development, reproductive systems, dating and setting limits, abstinence and refusal skills, pregnancy and parenting, and STDs, including HIV (CSC, 2011 ). While extemporaneous pregnancies among teens in the U.S. is at the lowest rate in years, American teenagers are still getting pregnant at a much higher rate than their counterparts in opposite developed countries 3x more of ten than teens in Germany and France, and 4x more often than teens in the Netherlands. In 2010, extemporaneous pregnancies among U.S. teens dropped to 34.3 births per 1,000 girls aged 15-19 according to the most recent health statistics. Thats great news, but its still the highest teen pregnancy rate among developed nations. A report relinquished last month by The Centers for unsoundness Control and Obviation (CDC) surveyed 5,000 girls in 19 states who became pregnant unintentionally and gave birth between 2004 and 2008. 50% of these girls did not utilize birth control and one third of these girls didnt cerebrate they could get pregnant. As the article A moiety of Teen Moms Dont Use Birth Control Why thats no surprise in Time Magazine (2012) points out, w... ...n mothers account for 11% of all births in the US. Out of all teen pregnancies, 57% end in birth. Another 14% end in miscarriage. Proximately a third of pregnant teenagers cull abortion. Out of all teenage pregnancies, 29 % are terminated by abortion. Ebony teens have the highest teen pregnancy rate. For puerile women age 15-19, ebony teens are most liable to become pregnant (134 per 1,000 women). Scarcely lower rate occur among Hispanics (131 per 1,000) followed by non-Hispanic whites (48 per 1,000). The teen pregnancy rate reached an all-time high in 1990 with an estimated 116.9 per thousand and an all-time high birth rate of 61.8 births per thousand in 1991. By 2002, the pregnancy rate had dropped to 75.4 per thousand - a decline of 36%. However, a December 2007 report by the Centers for Disease Control shows a 3% increase in teenage pregnancy from 2005 to 2006.

Teaching Plan for Pain Management

NURSING PROCESS TEACHING CARE PLAN SUPPORTIVEDATA- Subjective Pt states my trouble is still at 8/10, is my medication working essay writer promo code? Objective 1. DX-UTI & possible urosepsis, Hip Fracture and fall during not a candidate for surgery, CHF 2. Bucks traction applied 3. Assessment Limited mobility, SOB, confusion, does not want to get out of bed due to botheration & headache of falling, 4. Meds Hydrocodone 7. mg/acetaminophen 325mg 1 to 2 tab PO, PRN for bruise sensation acetaminophen 650 mg 2 PO, PRN for pain NURSINGDIAGNOSIS Knowledge deficit for pain management r/t lack of follow up with instructions PATIENT GOALS/OUTCOME CRITERIA Patient will have knowledge of pain mgmt A. E. BStg 1. Verbalizes use and dosing of pain medication 2. Verbalizes pain relief lover than 4/10 in 30-60 min after intervention 3.Demonstrates use of non medication pain mgmt solutions by end of shift Ltg 1. Verbalizes how often can get pain medications 2. Verbalizes ability to do ADL with pain below 6/10 by D/C NURSINGACTIONS 1. Assess knowledge of current pain medications/does/time/use 2. Instruct on how often to take pain medications 3. Instruct of pain meds if pain level is above 4/10 4. Teach reason for keeping pain below 4/10 5. Instruct on taking Tylenol 650 mg before activity/ADL

My lifelong Hobby

While it is true that hobbies are activities we engage ourselves in during our extra measure for personal pleasure and relaxation (Microsoft Encarta, 2006), hobbies are also preferably expensive and time-consuming for scores of people and occasions. However, when we do what we enjoy expense will always be a secondary thing the love for the enjoyment consumes us and leads us to explore all the facets of our interest.I love to draw, experiment with a variety of the painting medium and make people happy by big(p) them the fruit of my labors. Since grade school years, people in my grade came to know me as one who spends break time or recess as my fortune to finish with orders from classmates who asked for artistic letterings of their names. Just what are the nuances of this hobby and how did I develop my output from the time I was a very young school shaver?My hobby is drawing, painting and acquiring a collection of a variety of drawing and painting materials and guides to help me expand my knowledge of creativity and artistry. This paper attempts to curtly elaborate the three types of drawing, which includes doodling, sketching and coloring that I am usually acquainted of and do during my free hours.II. What is doodling and how does one look like when he/she doodles?Doodling is to draw something aimlessly or absent-mindedly, usually while doing something else such as attending a meeting (Microsoft Encarta, 2006) and one of the funny parts that I oftentimes do in the presence of other people.This form of artistic ability is very common. It doesnt take for one to be artistic in order to doodle however, no artist probably would ever say they have non spent a time that they did not doodle. Attending a class for example or talking with a friend on the phone are perfect times that I get to doodle.Whenever a class starts to get boring, I would induce out my scratch of paper and ball pen and start to make circles or squares, and usually end up later with a very messy job at the tip of my pen. Though seemingly an aimless performance to some, this is actually the time when I develop appetite for details and other times mull over how to either imitate an artistic work, or practice those new skills I have adapted.III. What is sketching and how does it differ with doodling?Sketching is drawing a picture make quickly and roughly a drawing or painting that is done quickly without concern for detail (Microsoft Encarta, 2006). While doodling is almost like its twin, oftentimes it is not the serious type of this skill. Sketching is more of a prelude of what the work will look like when it is finished. It is like a first layer of the foundational principles of drawing, and a carcass to the artistic work. It tests your patience also whenever you have difficulty achieving the look you want.IV. What is coloring and why does it matter considerably in an artwork?Coloring is applying color to a sketch or drawing (Microsoft Encarta, 2006). Even before I s tart to draw, I already have in mind what medium works outdo with the type of picture I will sketch. This is most crucial for an artist. Many are great drawers but whose work is buried underneath hemorrhoid of color. This is one area of the artistic expression that also shows texture and life to a drawing.V. ConclusionWhen I doodle, sketch or color, it spells to me luxury. Time is a fleeting pick and doodling, sketching and coloring are skills that make life less boring and predictable. Friendship is built time and again, because of my skills in drawing.Life is a lot like these three it cannot be hurried. For an artwork to be certified beautiful, time is of the essence. When we pause to ponder and think about our many options in life, we should also strive not only to take in the doodling or sketching phase, but rub on the hues on an otherwise drab portrait. Spread over affections on people who matter most in your life, and experience the beauty that emerges from their beings.Ref erence1. Microsoft Encarta 2006. 1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved

Herbal Market

MALAYSIA HERBAL MARKET Currently, the value of global herbal market for nutraceuticals is at USD 70 one thousand thousand and USD 20 billion for phyto medicines with an average growth enumerate between 15 to 20 percent annually. While the Malaysia herbal market is valued at RM 4. 55 billion 0f which 90 percent of the raw significant used was imported. It is with this potential in mind that Malaysias herbal industry can be one of the agriculture Entry Point Projects under the subject Key Economic Areas in the Economic Transformation Programme.According to the Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Minister Datuk Seri Noh Omar, Malaysias fast growing herbal industry is expected to contribute closely RM2. 2 billion to Gross National Product (GNP) by 2020. While the world market for herbal products is expected to exceed RM2 trillion by 2020 from RM777 billion in 2009, the local herbal market was likely to grow 15 percent annually from RM7 billion in 2010 to about RM29 billion by 2020. Moreover, Malaysia has been listed as the 12th most biodiversity nation in the world and ranks fourth in Asia.We guide over 15,000 flowering plants and over 3000 species of medicinal plants in our rich biodiversity equatorial rainforest. Of these about 200 atomic number 18 being used as herbal remedies and approximately 50 species are commonly used in traditional medicine preparation. Furthermore, Malaysians quite familiar for the uses of herbal products as our multi-ethnic communities have been practicing traditional medicine with herbal plants for centuries. In rural area, some of them still use poultices, countless brews and pastes derived from herbal plants or used it for the purpose of physical ailments and beauty treatments.Therefore, upon realize the significance of herb, our government had given financial support to research work tie in to herbs in term of Intensified Research in Priority Areas (IRPA) presents, the focus areas by the National Biotechnology Directorate , as well as other grant schemes. For example, RM25 million had been allocated by the government for a local company to conduct clinical research on Tongkat Ali in order to securing approval from the US food for thought and Drug Administration (USFDA).Our government also support the effort that try to make halal pharmaceutical products being proved by the Halal warning for the pharmaceutical industry in order to protect the interests of Muslim consumers and all consumers in general the world over. Not only these, certain implementations also have been taken in view of turning Malaysia into a global herbal producer. World Health Organization (WHO) consistently reported that 80% of the worlds population depends on herbal medicine. There also a growing trend of people moving from synthetic allopathic drugs to herbal cures.This is because consumers realize the immensity of wellness versus diseases, the changes in lifestyle, the growing of synthetic medical cost, and the growing knowl edge of consumers about traditional medicines. Many consumers have known that the effective of herbal cures are the results of thousands years of herbal healing framework development through practise and error, observation, analysis and study. Moreover, there have been some high profile natural found cures such as Taxol plant for breast cancer and the Bintangor plant for AIDS.In order to achieve the goal stated in the previous paragraph, the highest standard of manufacturing should be include to be able to compete in terms of quality, safety, efficacy, pricing, and branding of products, as well as efficient distribution network and meeting international health certification standards. We also need to increase the domestic consumption by strengthen the domestic demand for Malaysian health foods and medicine besides switch off reliance on imported medicine, according to the speech by TAN SRI NOR MOHAMED YAKCOP.The ministry of health also has been diligently monitoring the herbal pro ducts in the market as well as conducted random sampling of herbal products to ensure that the standards of these products remain the same as the specified standards registered by the manufacturers. Notable markets for Malaysians herbal producer are USA, Europe, China, Japan and the Middle-east countries. This is important to ensure that our herbal product to penetrate the global export market.

Population Problem in Bangladesh Essay

Bangladesh is one of the worlds most densely populated countries with 150 million people, 49 percent of whom live below the national meagreness line. In addition, child malnutrition rate rates of 48 percent, in condition that is tied to the low social status of women in Bangladeshi society. Contents1 General overview of the Bangladesh economy2 boorish and urban meagerness3 Causes of rude and urban despicableness4 Environmental problems and poverty5 Implications of poverty in Bangladesh6 See also7 ReferencesGeneral overview of the Bangladesh economyIn Bangladesh, there ar many problems like, poor infrastructure, political instability, corruption,and insufficient actor supplies etc, but the Bangladesh economy has gr own 5-6% per year since 1996. However, Bangladesh be quiet rebrinys a poor, overpopulated, and inefficiently-governed nation with about 45% of the Bangladeshis being employed in the agriculture sector.1 Rural and urban povertyBangladesh is one of the worlds poorest countries. Bangladesh has to depend on international help. Since the 1990s, there has been a declining trend of poverty by 1% severally year, with the help of international assistance.2 According to World Bank in 2005, 40% of the population was still be below the national poverty line.3The population in Bangladesh is predominantly rural, with almost 80% of the population life story in the rural areas.4 many a(prenominal) of them live in remote areas that insufficiency services such as pedagogy, health clinics and adequate roads, fragmentiseicularly road links to markets.2 A low estimate of 20% of the rural poor is in chronic poverty. They suffer from forbidding food insecurity, own no land and assets, are often uneducated and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities. Another 29% of the rural population is considered moderately poor. Though they may own a small plot of land and some livestock and generally cast off enough to eat, their diets lack nutritional values. As a result of health problems or natural disasters, they are at risk of sliding deeper into poverty. Women are among the poorest of the rural poor, especially when they are the sole heads of their households. They suffer discrimination, lead few earning opportunities and their nutritional intake is often inadequate.2In the urban areas, there is about 37% of the urban population living below national poverty line.5 For those living in urban areas, especially the capital Dhaka, and major industrial cities such as C hittingtagong, Khulna, and Rajshahi, they enjoy a split standard of living, with electricity, gas, and clean water supplies. Despite this, there is still a significant proportion of Bangladeshis living in slums that fall apart during the monsoon season and have no regular electricity, limited access to health care and to clean drinking water.6 Causes of rural and urban povertyOne of the main causes of rural poverty is due the hoidenishs geographical and demographic cha racteristics. A large proportion of the rustic is low-lying, and thus is at a high risk to outflowing. Many of the rural poor live in areas that are prone to extreme annual flooding which cause huge damage to their crops, homes and livelihoods. In order to remodel their homes, they often have to resort to moneylenders, and that causes them to fall deeper into poverty. In addition, these natural disasters also cause outbreaks of cholera and other waterborne and diarrheal diseases such as dengue and malaria which will appropriate them physically and lower their productivity levels.247Another cause of rural poverty is due to the fast growing population rate. It places huge wring on the environment, causing problems such as erosion and flooding, which in turn leads to low rustic productivity.The causes of urban poverty are due to the limited utilization opportunities, degraded environment, and bad housing and sanitation. The urban poor hold jobs that are labor demanding, thus af fecting their health conditions. Therefore, the urban poor are in a difficult situation to escape poverty.7 Environmental problems and povertyWith 80% of the country situated on the flood plains of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna and those of several other minor rivers, the country is prone to severe flooding.While some flooding is beneficial to agriculture, high levels of flooding have been found to be a retardant on agricultural growth.8 On average, 16% of household income per year is lost due to flooding, with roughly 89% of the loss in property and assets. Of these, households engaged in farming and seek suffer a greater loss relative to income.9A positive relationship exists between flood risk and poverty as heedful by household income, with people living under the poverty threshold facing a higher risk of flooding, as measured by their proximity to rivers and flood depth.9 Property prices also tend to be lower the higher the risk of flooding,10 making it more likely that som eone who lives in a flood-prone area is poor and vice versa, as they might not be able to afford safer accommodation. Also, they tend to depend solely or largely on crop nuance and fisheries for their livelihood and thus are harder hit by floods relative to their income.Important to the finances of farmers operating small farms is their self-sufficiency in rice and floods adversely affect this factor, destroying harvests and arable land. Farmers hit are often forced to undertake distressed land selling11 and in doing so, risk being pushed into or deeper into poverty. In areas hard hit by floods, especially disaster floods such as the 1988 flood, several researchers have found that many of the affected households have resorted to selling off assets such as land and livestock to mitigate losses.1213Also, in an area hard-hit by poverty and prone to floods, it was found that many of the poor were unwilling to pay for flood protection. The main reason cited had been lack of financial re sources although it was found that many of these people are willing to substitute non-financial means of payment such as labour, harvest or part of their land13The above is problematic as it creates a vicious cycle for the poor of Bangladesh. Because the poor may not be able to afford safer housing, they have to live near the river which raises their risk of flooding. This would result in greater damage suffered from the floods, driving the poor into selling assets and pushing them further into poverty. They would be further take of sufficient resources needed to prevent extensive damage from flooding, resulting in even more flood damage and poverty. It then becomes even harder to escape this cycle. Even those farmers about above the poverty line are but just one bad flood away from the ranks of the poor. Implications of poverty in BangladeshThe Gross National Income (GNI) per capita measured in 2008 prices is a staggering low of US $520 while GNI Purchasing Power Parity per capit a is US $1440 (2008).14 This is a dismal figure when compared to other substantial economies. Even though the poverty rate in Bangladesh has been decreasing, it is doing so at a slow rate of less than 2% per year.15 49% of the population still remains below the poverty line. Poverty matters because it affects many factors of growth education, population growth rates, health of the workforce and public policy. Poverty is most concentrated in the rural areas of Bangladesh, hence creating disparities between the rural and urban areas. However, urban poverty remains a problem too.In particular, poverty has been linked strongly to education and employment. Research papers published by the Bangladesh Institute of Studies (BIDS) have shown that poverty acts as both a cause and effect of a lack of education, which in turn adversely affects employment opportunities. Having an unskilled workforce also greatly decreases the productivity of the workforce which decreases the appeal of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and thus impedes sustainable economic growth. In essence, education is an important contribution to the social and economic development of a country.Secondly, rising landlessness is also a consequence of poverty in Bangladesh. In the year 2000, among the poorest of the poor the poorest 20 percent of the population four out of five owned less than half an acre of land. Not only did many own no acreage at all, but landlessness has been increasing in rural Bangladesh along with the number of small and marginal farms.16 The 2000 HIES found nearly half (48 percent) of the countrys rural population to be effectively landless, owning at most 0.05 acres. Roughly three-fifths of all households in the two poorest quintiles fell into that category.Lastly, for the chronic poor, issues such as food security and health hamper social mobility. According to a study done by the World Bank on Dhaka, the poor suffers from a lack of proper healthcare in their areas due to t he expensive and poor quality health care services.17 The poverty stricken areas either do not have the available facilities, or can only afford low quality healthcare. This is a problem that is common in both the rural and urban poor. For the urban poor, the problem has worsened as they can only afford to stay in slums where there are problems of overcrowding and unhygienic living conditions. These two factors results in the spread of diseases amongst the poor whom cannot afford better healthcare. Also, one cannot deny that a healthy and well-fed citizen is better suited for increased productivity as part of the workforce. Thus, poverty matters because it affects the social welfare of citizens.

About The Groningen Holland Netherlands Architecture Essay

The get together States has a re onlyy diverse civilization. The lonely(prenominal) people that can truly state they atomic number 18 from here, be people that can mention their lineage back to the Native Americans that were here long before the first colonists came to the new universe. Everyone in the United States can follow their lineage back to states all over the universe. Over the last few hundred old ages these civilizations gull blended together to go what is now thought of as U.S. civilization.During this assignment I found that my ascendants be from Groningen, Holland or the Netherlands. Groningen is the capital metropolis of the state of Groningen in the Netherlands . The metropolis is the largest metropolis in the North of the Netherlands. In 1594 the metropolis joined the Spanish in the Eighty Years War, or the Dutch war of Independence, but subsequently switched sides to the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, besides known as the Dutch Republic. Gronin gen is home to the 2nd oldest university in the Netherlands. Groningen University was founded in 1614. In April of 1945, much of the metropolis was destroyed during mankind War II. The conflict lasted several yearss and came to be known as the Battle of Groningen. ( Wikipedia )Recently the Swarthout household celebrated its 350th day of remembrance of its reaching in America. If your family name is Swartwout, Swarthout, Swartout, or Swartwood, you are likely descended from one Tomys Swartwout ( 1607-62 ) who brought his household to revolutionary Netherland in 1652. Tomys and his two brothers were born in Groningen, Holland. The three brothers were engaged in the tobacco plant concern in Amsterdam in 1629, importing their merchandise from Virginia and untried Netherland, the island of Manhattan, but alone Tomys settled in the New World, the other two staying in Amsterdam. During this period traveling your household all the manner to the New World was a nifty hazard. The househ old asked Tomys to travel to assist their concern as times were turning tough. Reluctantly, Tomys came to the New World with his household in hope of assisting his households baccy concern.Today in the Netherlands, the largest subsistence scheme used is industrialism. The stinting system, which is based on free endeavor, is extremely industrialised and efficient . Petroleum refinement, machinery, chemicals, and building are besides a few of the taking industries. Agribusiness and gardening are two other important subsistence schemes. The Netherlands exports nutrient and big Numberss of cut flowerings and bulbs . More than half of the universes flower exports are grown in the Netherlands. Although agribusiness and gardening employ less than five per centum of the labour force, these activities are important in bring forthing meats, cheeses, and other dairy farm merchandises that are sold to other states. Information engineering is another subsistence scheme that ca nt be ignor ed in the Netherlands. Recently a strong economic base has been developed around calculating, telecommunications, and biotechnology. This besides includes touristry and banking ( CultureGrams ) .With industrialism being the Netherlands strongest subsistence, many different engineerings are relied upon. Factories for fabrication, and all different types of machinery are used for treating natural stuffs and chemicals, such as crude oil. Technologies used for agribusiness include tractors, ploughs, combines, and many other specialised machines. None of these subsistence schemes would roleplay without transit and communicating. The Netherlands has one of the best transit systems in Europe. An efficient web of trains connects major and minor metropoliss . Although most people own personal vehicles, the states six million autos makes traffic a serious job. Buss, trams, and subway systems are besides utilized in the part ( CultureGrams ) .Division of labour is seen in all subsistence s chemes. The division of labour is really much skewed towards gender. Women constitute merely 38 per centum of the labour force and frequently merely work portion clip . One chief ground for this is the late entry of adult feminines into the work force because of the German business during World War II. Until late adult females needed their hubbies permission to come in into employments contracts. Within the atomic household, adult females are static seen to play the function of housewife, while the adult male is seen as the supplier and chief beginning of income ( Cultures ) . The Netherlands is a unitary province governed by a cardinal organic structure. The political system is a parliamentary democracy every bit good as a constitutional monarchy. The queen has slim political influence her function is mostly symbolic. Political power lies in the custodies of a cabinet of curates headed by a premier curate. The cabinet is accountable to the parliament, whose members are elect ed at four-year intervals. The Dutch Parliament consists of the First Chamber and the Second Chamber, which together constitute the legislative organic structure. The 2nd Chamber initiates new statute law. Its members are straight elected by the people. The legal age to vote is 18. The members of the Second Chamber are elected by relative representation, which leads to a great figure of political parties that together vie for 150 seats. The first Chamber either ratifies or rejects the new statute law proposed by the Second Chamber. Its members are elected by the members of the Pro-vinciale Staten. Each of the 12 provinces has a local regulating board ( Provinciale Staten ) whose chair is the commissioner to the queen, World Health Organization is appointed by the government for a life term. Its members are elected by the dwellers of the state. Commissioners and city managers are handpicked by the authorities for life footings ( Culture ) . The Dutch pride themselves on guardians hip an advanced free market economic system that runs swimmingly . In 1999, the labour force consisted of 7,097,000 individuals the unemployed numbered 292,000. The one-year gross national merchandise ( gross national product ) amounted to 323 billion euros ( $ 373 billion ) in 1997. Two per centum of the Dutch macrocosm is employed in the extremely mechanised agricultural sector, 24 per centum are employed in the industrial sector, and 74 per centum work in the service industries. The Netherlands chief trading spouse is Germany. There are five classs that Dutch exports cab be carve up into agricultural merchandises, 15 per centum natural or enriched fuels, 6 per centum chemical merchandises, 17 per centum industrial merchandises, 12 per centum and machinery, 24 per centum . Two-thirdss of Dutch exports go to five states Germany, Belgium, France, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Those five merchandising spouses account for 61 per centum of Dutch imports ( Cultures ) .Catholics make up the largest fold in the Netherlands at approximately 30 per centum of the population. Reformed Protestants make up approximately 14 per centum followed by Dutch reformed at 7 per centum. The Muslim faith merely makes up approximately 4 per centum of the population. 40 per centum of the population are non phantasmal or connected to a denomination. Small rural communities in the Dutch Bible Belt, which runs along the towns of Zierikzee, Dordrecht, Utrecht, Zwolle, and Assen, still have faith compete a major function in the ordination of people s societal and cultural lives ( Culture ) . Traditionally, the northern and eastern part of the state have been Protestant, while the South has been Catholic. The royal household belongs to the Dutch Reformed Church ( World Mark ) .Dutch people are free to take their partners and do so to the highest degree frequently out of love. The Dutch people do pattern endogamy though frequently get marrieding within the restraints of category, ethnicity, and faith. Monogamy is the lone signifier of matrimony allowed. Same-sex twosomes can get married and hold the same rights as heterosexual twosomes . The most common family unit is the atomic household. This consists of the male parent, female parent, and kids. It is a turning tendency to hold single-parent households, twosomes without kids, and single-person families. Extended household families are rare. The Dutch make a strong differentiation between relations by matrimony and relations by blood. Consanquineal relations are considered more of import than are affine relations . Financial and emotional support are usually directed to the closest family ( parents, kids, and siblings ) ( Culture ) .Soccer is the most popular athletics in the Netherlands. In 1988 the Dutch won the European association football title. Tennis, national hockey, swimming, seafaring, ice-skating, volleyball, badminton, and other athleticss are besides enjoyed. In old ages whe n the ice is thick, a day-long ice-skating race takes topographic point. The path encompasses Friesland s 11 chief towns, many lakes, and parts of the sea. Equally many as 80,000 people participate ( CultureGrams ) . Dutch nutrient is wholesome and merely prepared. Seafood is widely eaten, particularly herring, which are traditionally lifted by the tail and dropped caput foremost into one s overturned oral cavity. The Dutch breakfast is by and large a cold repast of chop up staff of life, meat, and cheese. In mundane life, the Dutch wear typical modern Western-style vesture for both formal and insouciant occasions. Traditional costumes including the wooden places can still be seen today near tourer attractive forces. Dutch mythology is strongly linked to the sea and characters associated with it, such as mermaids and plagiarists. Many popular Dutch narratives, conundrums, and rites were contain over clip but some survived as portion of the state s Christian traditions. The Dutch F ather Christmas ( named, like the American Santa Clause, for Saint Nicholas ) is called Sinterklaas and has a dark-faced helper called Black Peter who is said to transport disobedient kids to Spain in a poke. Many of the rites of transition that immature people undergo are spiritual rites, such as baptism, first Communion, verification, and matrimony ( World Mark ) .

History of Drama

History of Drama * Spanish Period 1. Tibag * to excavate * St. Helenas search for the cross 2. Lagaylay Pilarenos of Sorsogon get together during Maytime 3. Cenaculo love and death of Christ a. Cantada chanted like pasion b. Hablada rhythmic measure of words in a deliberate manner * Spanish Period 4. Panunuluyan Mary & Joseph intrusive for refuge before Christs birth presented before 12mn on Christmas eve 5. Salubong during easter (Mary meets risen Christ) 6. Carillo (shadow play) form of entertainment performed during a moonless wickedness or a dark night after a harvest 7.Zarzuela 1st Philippine drama. Musical comedy or melodrama. Has 3 acts of mans passion & emotion (love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or social/political problems) 8. Sainete short musical comedy (18th century) exaggerated comedies performed by characters from lower class family (indio) theme taken from everyday life scenarios * American Period 1. Severino Reyes father of Tagalog drama Walang Sug at 2. Aurelio Tolentino a Kapampangan dramatist * Luhang Tagalog = masterpiece * Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas = resulted to his incarceration 3.Hermogenes Ilagan from Central Luzon he founded the group bell shape Ilagan *Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan started the movement against the moro-moro (play against muslims) * Japanese Period * Characterized by stage shows because movie houses were closed *organization of Filipino players (Dramatic Filipinos) 1. Jose Ma. Hernandez Panday Pira 2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo Sa Pula sa Puti 3. Clodualdo del Mundo Bulaga 4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda * Sino ba Kayo? * Dahil sa Anak * Higante ng Patay * Period of new-fangled Society (Modern) reviving old plays/dramas 1977 Tales of Manuvu (new style of rock of the ballad opera) Performed by Celeste Legaspi, Lea Navarro, Hadji Alejandro, Boy Canara, Anthony Castello & Rey Dizon choreographed by Atic Reyes Sining Embayoka (CCP) from Mindanao State University *Development of play 1. PETA (Philip pine educational Theater Association) Cecille Guidote & Lino Brocka 2. Repertory Philippines Rebecca Godines & Zenaida Amador 3. UP Repertory Behn Cervantes 4. Teatro Filipino Rolando Tinio

My Favorite Holiday Destination Essay

I have been spillage to Lumina resort my entire life. Even though my teenage years, where it seemed nothing could entertain my adolescent attitude, I looked prior to vacationing on the lake of bays each summer. As a child, I recall Petticoat. For a few hours every day my parents got a break to do as they pleased, as my sisters and I made crafts, learned songs, compete games, and heard stories. It was also a capital way to make friends with other children visiting the resort. Lumina always has great Petticoat leaders. The children retributive adore them always sitting on their laps, waving at them in the dine room, or dragging along their ankles when the week is over and its time for goodbyes Returning as a teenager never seemed like a lame family holiday. With all the returning friends I had made in years previous, the activities and fun seemed endless. Tubing became a sport to us. Lounging in the sun never seemed so reposeful with the waves licking the shores and the breeze coming off the bay. I learned how to wakeboard at Lumina the staff fagged countless years helping me stand up on the wake, and never grew tired of my mistakes.Movies in the TV room, playing cards on the deck, eating junk food in the beautifully preserved cabins. every great memories. Every iniquity we would sneak to Frosties the on-resort convenience store and get a little something saccharine to enjoy. As a young adult, I tidy sumt say Ive ever had such(prenominal) a great time. The lake of bays club always promises something fun. Wine and Cheese night starts everyone off at the scratch line of the week to meet new guests and reconcile with old friends. Poker, pool, and darts allow for good fun with dandy vacation-goers. Live entertainment is my familys personal favourite.Tobin the artist that has been recruited for the past few years is amazing, and keeps the audience dancing, drinking, and having fun. Karaoke night is the night to let loose and show all your new and ol d friends your talent. Of course, the beach, water activities, sports, tournaments, and excursions are just as much fun in adulthood as they were in childhood. The chef, Shawn, makes some of the best dishes Ive ever tasted. Whether its a classic Caesar salad, or a new recipe, Shawn always promises taste and quality. matchless of the best benefits to Lumina is the food is included in the price. For your vacation period, you do not have to cook one time (this is a great thing for mothers). The staff are some of the most sociable, and helpful individuals. Tec and Vicky (the owners) can always be found if something needs to be done, or assisted with.

Organisation Learning Essay

Where Argyris and Schon were the branch to propose homunculuss that facilitate organisational nurture, the following literatures have followed in the tradition of their work Argyris and Schon (1978) distinguish betwixt single-loop and double-loop familiarity, related to Gregory Batesons constructs of prime(prenominal) and second order association.In single-loop learning, separates, groups, or arrangements modify their actions according to the rest between expected and obtained outcomes. In double-loop learning, the entities ( unmarrieds, groups or placement) question the values, assumptions and policies that led to the actions in the first place if they atomic number 18 able to view and modify those, and so second-order or double-loop learning has carryn place.Double loop learning is the learning about single-loop learning. ?March and Olsen (1975) attempt to link up individual and organisational learning. In their model, individual beliefs lead to individual action, w hich in turn whitethorn lead to an organizational action and a solution from the environment which whitethorn induce repaird individual beliefs and the cycle then repeats over and over. Learning occurs as better beliefs produce better actions.?Kim (1993), as well, in an article titled The link between individual and organizational learning, integrates Argyris, March and Olsen and an early(a) model by Kofman into a single comprehensive model further, he analyzes all the possible breakdowns in the asseverateation flows in the model, leading to failures in organizational learning for instance, what happens if an individual action is rejected by the organization for political or other reasons and therefore no organizational action takes place? ?Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) developed a four stage spiral model of organizational learning.They started by distinctiating Polanyis concept of understood knowledge from explicit knowledge and describe a fulfill of alternating between the ii . Tacit knowledge is personal, context specific, subjective knowledge, whereas explicit knowledge is codified, trunkatic, glob, and easy to communicate. The tacit knowledge of key personnel within the organization can be made explicit, codified in manuals, and incorporated into new products and processes. This process they called externalization.The reverse process (from explicit to implicit) they call internalization because it involves employees internalizing an organizations formal rules, procedures, and other forms of explicit knowledge. They overly use the term socialization to denote the sh ar of tacit knowledge, and the term combination to denote the dissemination of codified knowledge. According to this model, knowledge creation and organizational learning take a path of socialization, externalization, combination, internalization, socialization, externalization, combination .. . etc. in an infinite spiral. ?Nick Bontis et al. (2002) by trial and error tested a model of organizational learning that encompassed both stocks and flows of knowledge across three levels of summary individual, team and organization. Results showed a negative and statistically significant relationship between the misalignment of stocks and flows and organizational performance. ?Flood (1999) discusses the concept of organizational learning from Peter Senge and the origins of the opening from Argyris and Schon.The cause aims to re-think Senges The Fifth Discipline through systems theory. The author develops the concepts by integrating them with key theorists such as Bertalanffy, Churchman, Beer, Checkland and Ackoff. Conceptualizing organizational learning in terms of structure, process, centre, ideology and knowledge, the author provides insights into Senge within the context of the philosophy of science and the way in which systems theorists were influenced by twentieth-century advances from the classical assumptions of science.?Imants (2003) provides theory developme nt for organizational learning in schools within the context of teachers professional communities as learning communities, which is comp ared and contrasted to teaching method communities of practice. Detailed with an analysis of the paradoxes for organizational learning in schools, two mechanisms for professional development and organizational learning, (1) head information about teaching and learning and (2) encouraging interaction among teachers and workers, are defined as full of life for effective organizational learning.?Common (2004) discusses the concept of organisational learning in a political environment to improve public policy-making. The author details the initial uncontroversial reception of organisational learning in the public orbit and the development of the concept with the learning organization. Definitional problems in applying the concept to public policy are addressed, noting re explore in UK local government that concludes on the obstacles for organizatio nal learning in the public sector (1) overemphasis of the individual, (2) resistance to variegate and politics, (3) social learning is self-limiting, i.e. individualism, and (4) political blame culture. The concepts of policy learning and policy transfer are then defined with detail on the conditions for realisticizing organizational learning in the public sector. organizational knowledge What is the disposition of knowledge created, traded and used in organizations? Some of this knowledge can be termed proficient ? knowing the meaning of technical words and phrases, macrocosm able to read and make good sense of economic data and being able to act on the basis of law-like generalizations.Scientific knowledge is ?propositional it takes the form of causal generalizations ? whenever A, then B. For example, whenever urine reaches the temperature of 100 degrees, it boils whenever it boils, it turns into go steam generates pressure when in an enclosed space pressure drives engin es. And so forth. A large part of the knowledge used by managers, however, does not assume this form. The complexities of a managers task are such that applying A may result in B, C, or Z. A chemical formula or an idea that crystalized very well a particular problem, may, in slightly different circumstances backfire and lead to ever more than problems.More important than knowing a satisfying lot of theories, recipes and solutions for a manager is to know which theory, recipe or solution to apply in a specific placement. Sometimes a manager may combine two different recipes or conciliate an existing recipe with some important modification to meet a situation at hand. Managers a lot use knowledge in the way that a handyman will use his or her skills, the materials and tools that are at hand to meet the demands of a particular situation.Unlike an engineer who will plan cautiously and scientifically his or her every action to deliver the desired outcome, such as a steam engine, a handyman is flexible and opportunistic, often using materials in unorthodox or unusual ways, and relies a lot on trial and error. This is what the French call ? bricolage, the resourceful and creative deployment skills and materials to meet each take exception in an original way. Rule of thumb, far from being the enemy of management, is what managers passim the world have relied upon to inform their action.In contrast to the scientific knowledge that guides the engineer, the physician or the chemist, managers are often informed by a different type of know-how. This is sometimes referred to a ? narrative knowledge or ? experiential knowledge, the kind of knowledge that comes from grow and resides in stories and narratives of how real people in the real world atomic reactort with real life problems, successfully or unsuccessfully. Narrative knowledge is what we use in everyday life to deal with awkward situations, as parents, as consumers, as patients and so forth.We seek the sto ries of people in the same situation as ourselves and try to learn from them. As the Chinese proverb says A wise man learns from experience a wiser man learns from the experience of others. Narrative knowledge usually takes the form of organization stories (see organization report card and organizational storytelling). These stories enable participants to make sense of the difficulties and challenges they face by listening to stories, members of organizations learn from each others experiences, adapt the recipes used by others to address their own difficulties and problems.Narrative knowledge is not besides the preserve of managers. Most professionals (including doctors, accountants, lawyers, business consultants and academics) rely on narrative knowledge, in addition to their specialist technical knowledge, when dealing with concrete situations as part of their work. More generally, narrative knowledge represents an endlessly mutating reservoir of ideas, recipes and stories that are traded mostly by word or mouth on the internet. They are often apocryphal and may be inaccurate or untrue yet, they have the power to influence peoples sense making and actions.Individual versus organizational learning Learning by individuals in an organizational context is a well understood process. This is the traditional domain of human resources, including activities such as training, increasing skills, work experience, and formal education. Given that the success of any organization is founded on the knowledge of the people who work for it, these activities will and, indeed, mustiness continue. However, individual learning is only a prerequisite to organizational learning. Others take it farther with continuous learning.The world is orders of magnitude more dynamic than that of our parents, or even when we were young. Waves of change are crashing on us just about one on top of another. Change has get down the norm rather than the exception. Continuous learning througho ut ones career has become essential to remain relevant in the workplace. Again, necessary precisely not sufficient to describe organizational learning. What does it mean to say that an organization learns? Simply summing individual learning is inadequate to model organizational learning.The following definition outlines the essential difference between the two A learning organization actively creates, captures, transfers, and mobilizes knowledge to enable it to adapt to a changing environment. Thus, the key outlook of organizational learning is the interaction that takes place among individuals. A learning organization does not rely on passive or ad hoc process in the hope that organizational learning will take place through serendipity or as a by-product of normal work. A learning organization actively promotes, facilitates, and rewards collective learning.Creating (or acquiring) knowledge can be an individual or group performance. However, this is normally a small-scale, isolat ed activity steeped in the jargon and methods of knowledge workers. As first stated by Lucilius in the 1st century BC, Knowledge is not knowledge until someone else knows that one knows. Capturing individual learning is the first step to making it useful to an organization. There are many methods for capturing knowledge and experience, such as publications, activity reports, lessons learned, interviews, and presentations.Capturing includes organizing knowledge in ways that people can find it multiple structures facilitate searches regardless of the substance abusers perspective (e. g. , who, what, when, where, wherefore,and how). Capturing also includes storage in repositories, databases, or libraries to insure that the knowledge will be available when and as needed. Transferring knowledge requires that it be accessible to everyone when and where they need it. In a digital world, this involves browser-activated search engines to find what one is looking for.A way to retrieve conte nt is also needed, which requires a conference and network infrastructure. Tacit knowledge may be shared through communities of practice or consulting experts. It is also important that knowledge is presented in a way that users can understand it. It must suit the needfully of the user to be accepted and internalized. Mobilizing knowledge involves integrating and using relevant knowledge from many, often diverse, sources to solve a problem or address an issue. Integration requires interoperability standards among various repositories.Using knowledge may be through simple reuse of existing solutions that have worked previously. It may also come through adapting darkened solutions to new problems. Conversely, a learning organization learns from mistakes or recognizes when old solutions no longer apply. Use may also be through synthesis that is creating a broader meaning or a deeper level of understanding. Clearly, the more rapidly knowledge can be mobilized and used, the more compe titive an organization. An organization must learn so that it can adapt to a changing environment.Historically, the life-cycle of organizations typically spanned stable environments between major socioeconomic changes. Blacksmiths who didnt become mechanics simply fell by the wayside. More recently, many fortune 500 companies of two decades ago no longer exist. Given the ever-accelerating rate of global-scale change, the more critical learning and adaptation become to organization relevance, success, and ultimate survival. Organizational learning is a social process, involving interactions among many individuals leading to well-informed finding making.Thus, a culture that learns and adapts as part of everyday working practices is essential. Reuse must equal or exceed reinvent as a desirable behavior. Adapting an idea must be rewarded along with its initial creation. Sharing to empower the organization must supersede controlling to empower an individual. Clearly, shifting from indiv idual to organizational learning involves a non-linear transformation. Once someone learns something, it is available for their immediate use. In contrast, organizations need to create, capture, transfer, and mobilize knowledge before it can be used.Although technology supports the latter, these are primarily social processes within a cultural environment, and cultural change, however necessary, is a particularly challenging undertaking. Learning organization The work in Organizational Learning can be distinguished from the work on a related concept, the learning organization. This ulterior body of work, in general, uses the theoretical findings of organizational learning (and other research in organizational development, system theory, and cognitive science) in order to prescribe specific recommendations about how to create organizations that continuously and effectively learn.This mulish approach was championed by Peter Senge in his book The Fifth Discipline. Diffusion of innov ations Diffusion of innovations theory explores how and why people adopt new ideas, practices and products. It may be seen as a subset of the anthropological concept of public exposure and can help to explain how ideas are spread by individuals, social networks and organizations.

Immigration to the United States

The feud over immigration policy has become one of the most pressing issues in the United States. thither be many misconceptions when it comes to immigration but the United States actually benefits from immigration by allowing foreigners to live mulct and work here. There are immigrants who have sop uped their citizenship in this in this country and are qualification the best of it and then on that point are those who come to this country just to cause impairment. We as a people need to understand the difference between the two and to realize that there are round benefits to immigration.Those who are opposed to immigration always claim that immigrants take on jobs, lower wages and drainage too much tax money. According to a study by Public Policy play of California, immigrants who arrived in the State between 1990 and 2004 make upd wages of native workers by an average of 4%. What they do non realize is that jobs that immigrants take on are jobs that most people in A merica would not take whether immigrants were here or not. There are plenty of economic benefits to immigration reform.Ive learn that immigration reform would increase U. S. gross domestic product, which is Gross Domestic Product by at least 0. 84 percent. This would translate into at least a $1. 5 trillion cumulative increase in GDP over 10 years. Immigrants contribute to our society, maybe not as much as those who were born here but there are some positive things that come out of immigration. Not all immigrants are here to cause terror and threaten the lives of other human beings. A study that was done by the Immigration Policy Center in Washington D. C. howed that immigrant men between the ages of 18 to 39 had an captivity rate five times lower than people born in the United States. There are people who have worked hard to earn to citizenship and should not have to be placed into a indisputable category just because they were not born here. Also there is a diversity value to h aving immigrants keep in the United States. Having people live here who were not brings about cultural and social changes along with opinions and ideas for new developments. The benefit of immigrants moving here is to have a better look.They would not have locomote here if they did not imagine a better standard of living. The benefit may not be for the United States but there is a benefit for the immigrants. Immigration has its advantages and disadvantages. Some of the disadvantages include greater poverty, increase in crimes, lower unskilled wage, education costs, and a few others. On the other hand, the positive benefits of immigration far outweigh the disadvantages in many ways such as the economic advantages and the cultural advantages. more often than not most immigrants come to the United States looking to make a better life for themselves. Some immigrants go through so much trouble just to be turned away. When applying for citizenship there is a lot of paperwork and inten se interviews. Immigrants who are here illegally and just wanted to cause harm do not deserve to live here in America, but those who have worked hard to earn their citizenship deserve the same rights as someone who was born here.

Program, curriculum development and instructional strategies Essay

I. Programs Bridges learnedness System This program uses five step processes involving submit, evaluate, outline, extend, success to develop the school-age childs aptitudes and talents that are very important in the classroom with evaluating test results and constructing a profile each student skills and abilities. By then, students necessities are know and a particular program will be developed for its learning exercises needs (Brock, 2003).Cognitively-Guided Instruction (CGI) This present is a product of research of students thinking that teachers able to restructure their knowledge and understanding to what the students need. This done through direct- amazeing actions, reasoning to the problem, and moving to other strategies that are needed for the improvement of the students (Carpenter, 2003). Four Blocks Literacy The four blocks represents four several(predicate) admittancees to directed comprehension, self-selected comprehension, inscription and working with terms.Throug h this students dont just learn, at the same metre they provided with the needed instruction according to the personality of the student. These blocks are multi-level depending on the performance and needs of the student (Cunningham, 1989). Spalding order This rule is a total language arts approach in spelling, writing, listening and reading comprehensions. This approach is very effective to both regular and special education (Christie, 2000). II. Curriculum Development and Instructional Strategies. accommodating schooling Through optimistic interdependence, driven interaction, and personal responsibility, mutual efforts could be a useful shot to promote the groups objectives and success rather than viable and personal efforts (Stefl-Mabry & Powers, 2005). Direct Instruction Learning is hastened up through comprehensive presentations, ruling out misconceptions, and assisting generalizations. Students are properly monitored to evaluate the performance, periodically assessed for perceptions and immediately corrected for their errors (Oregon, 2003). bid Learning Learning is centered on the methods of mastering rather than the content but it works scoop out with the conventional substance-centered syllabus through distinct objectives and varieties of instructional techniques and suitable series of results (University, 2004). Modeling Instruction This method of instruction is done through creating scientific models and providing primary theoretical apparatus for modeling intended to send word the physical world and to familiarize and develop the students insights on how scientific knowledge fits with the real world (Wells & Hestenes, 2003).These programs, curriculum and instructional instructions are developed and evaluated by Arizona K-12 Centers Technical surveil Council and found to be effective in meeting the instructional and educational needs of diverse student population.References Brock, B. (2003). Bridges Learning Systems Electronic Version. Retri eved October 6, 2007 from http//azk12. nau. edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/. Carpenter, T. (2003). Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) Electronic Version. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http//azk12. nau.edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/.Christie, B. (2000). Topic teamwork A collaborative integrative model for increasing student-centered learning in grades K-12. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 71(8), 28-32. Cunningham, P. (1989). Four Blocks Literacy Electronic Version. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http//azk12. nau. edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/. Oregon, E. (2003). Direct Instruction Electronic Version. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http//azk12. nau. edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/.Stefl-Mabry, J. , & Powers, J. G. (2005). Collaborative, Problem-Based Learning University and K-12 Partnerships. Knowledge Quest. ProQuest Education Journals, 33(4), 14-16. University, N. A. (2004). Instructional Strategies and Commercial Programs Electronic Version. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http//azk12. nau. edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/. Wells, M. , & Hestenes, M. (2003). Modeling Instruction Electronic Version. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http//azk12. nau. edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/.

Communication and Professional Relationships with Children and Adults

Assignment 301 communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults. Effective communication. existence clear on key points. Showing respect. Maintaining a sense of humour. store issues which are individualal to them. winning time to listen to them. Being considerate Building Positive Relationships. T contain A. 1 Task A. 2 Effective Communication- This is the key area for developing relationships with others and also coves m any incompatible forms of communication. Showing complaisance- It is important to be courteous and respectful and also to listen to their points of views.As adults and children come from contrastive cultures and backgrounds or different values from your own, show respect and acknowledge their views. Being Considerate- working in an environment with different people under particular prescertain(p) at a given time and need to realise why they may have behaved or reacted in a certain direction, or out of character. Re part icleing issues which are personal to them- enquiring about a particular aspects of someones life can succor build a positive relationship.Being Clear on key points- when i have colloquys with others and it includes passing on information i should ensure that what i have said, i have said it clear ample for them to understand. As i dont want them to be distracted from the main point of what i have said. Taking time to listen to others- Making sure that i take time to listen to others, for example if they are asking for help/advice , i will show that i am evoke in what they have to say so that i can respond appropriately.Maintaining a sense of humour- the nature of my work is important, i also take time to the funny side of the situation as laughter can be a good icebreaker and is also a great way of relaxing and relieving stress. Task A. 3 Form of communication Factors to consider Formal clash with the head decline clear expectations for the meeting, dress appropriately, be pun ctual, maintain respect, balance formality with friendliness, agree actions to be taken. Informal conversation in front/after school Maintain respect, be punctual, agree on actions to be taken, listen to whats be said, if in that respect any cons balance them out with the pros. Parents evening dress appropriately, maintain respect, balance formality with friendliness, if there is any cons balance them with the pros when communicateing about there child. Listen to what the parents are saying. Responding to an e-mail eternally keep your focus on why the email has been sent in the first place. It helps if you know the person whom sent the email. Avoid being negative all the time, balance it out with positives. Childs report Make sure what is written makes sense, include what lessons that the child is excelling in/ lessons that the child could improve in, behaviour towards teachers/staff and piers. newsletter shed news that is interesting to the readers, offer tips and advice, make it interactive by including polls, make it fun, get the parents involved. Task C. 1 situation Ways of adapting style of communication and Skills needed Speaking to a young child who appears uncertain and nervous Ways if there was a child who was shy and nervous in my class therefore i would give the child plenty of time to adapt to the new surroundings, urge the child to speak but not force them to speak if he/she dont wont to speak.Skills down pains Use the decline body languageGive the child encouragement Speaking to a child who stammers Ways if there was a child who stammered in my class i would give the child plenty of time to bring what they are saying, i would slow down my speech when talking to them so that they feel less hotfoot when they have to speak. I would also encourage the child after they had=ve said a word that they had difficulties with.SkillsHave diligenceGive eye contact Give the child encouragement Speaking to a child who has been rude to a Member of staff WaysIf i was to deal with a child who has been rude to another member of staff i would have a quite word with the child. I would ask the child what happened before they were rude to there teacher whence i would ask the child why they were rude then i would ask do you think the way you reacted inside the class was appropriate or do you think you could have dealt with it differently.SkillsListen to what the child is saying to me. Give the child eye contact. Use the correct body language because you want the child to take you serious. Speaking to a parent for whom English is an special language WaysIf i was to deal with a parent/carer whos first language wasnt English then i would speak slowly so that the parents can grasp onto whats being said, maybe use hand signals, also i would see if there was a multi-language teacher/ accomplice available for assistance.SkillsSpeak clearly. Listen carefully what is being said Speaking to a parent who is unwarranted Ways If i was to deal with an angry parent i would take the parent in to a quite room, i would then ask the parent to calm down before i communicate to them to deal with any problems that they have, then once the parents have calmed down i would ask them if there is any problems, what they would like/ think i should do that would help solve the problem. SkillsListening to what is being said.Have plenty of patience Be able to stay calm Speaking to a new member of staff who is opposed to lease with children Ways If i was to speak to a new member of staff who was reluctant to engage learners then i would give them an encouraging speech ask them to speak to the childrenSkills Eye contactBody languageFacial expressions Speaking at an appraisal meeting with the head teacher Ways If i was in a appraisal meeting with the head teacher i would ask the staff how i would achieve SkillsTask B. 2 legislation Brief overview 1. Every child matters (England 2005) Based on the Children Act 2004. This green pap er stresses the importance of moreIntergraded serve and sharing of informationBetween professionals. It came into being afterThe tragic case of Victoria Climbie, when there Was no communication between the professionalsInvolved with her case. 2. information protection Act 1998. Schools ask parents and carers for a variety of Information so that we care for the children as effectively as we can while they are in our care With us. However we can only ask for Information which is directly relevant for example-Health and medical information. -Records from previous schools. -Records of children who have special educationalNeeds . This information is kept private and is only Used for the purpose it is gathered for. Related essay Advice About Communication

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