Organizational Leadership Essay

Severe negative financial position in the market and unprofitable operation with the following causal factors: Product Management: Poor product styling resulting in loss of market share greater than many other car manufacturer’s total production Decentralization: Too many vehicle platforms that made production inefficient and was further complicated by a plethora of suppliers and decentralized purchasing Communications: Poor communication practices and an absence of transparency (managers were unaware of production costs) Rigid compartmentalized organization (siloed) structure with minimal cross department interaction Weak channels to market with unhealthy channel conflict. Customer Wants / Needs: Lack of customer focus with reactive stance to competitor actions Cultural Constraints: keiretsu – Culturally rooted business philosophy Slow, patient, caution, afraid of change culture in Japan with many failed attempts to address well known problems Supplier relationships based on cultural and regional ties restricting global expansion Question 3: Evaluate Ghosn’s first 100 days. Effective leader and/or manager? Ghosn’s first 100 days proved he is an effective leader, Per John P. Kotter, Leaders don’t make plans; they don’t solve problems; they don’t even organize people. What leaders really do is prepare organizations for change and help them cope as they struggle through it.

Antigone as a Feminist Icon

Antigone as a Feminist Icon Male authority is a dominant theme in Sophocles’ â€Å"Antigone. † Men occupied the land, ruled the towns and assigned the women duties to perform. Antigone, however, believed that she was just as strong as the men who ruled society during that time, which led to her downfall. The goal of the feminist movement has generally been to seek equality between the sexes. Through the women’s movement, women have won the right to vote, and can now compete for traditionally male roles in the workplace.Although the feminist movement has largely taken place during the last 200 year, many figures in history have embodied characteristics of the contemporary feminist, such as the character of Antigone in Sophocles’ â€Å"Antigone. † Antigone’s introduction as a feminist is within the context of a fiercely sexist civilization. Sophocles paints a vivid portrait of a male dominated society. In 442 BC, women believed that they were i nferior to men because men held power and influence over the people and the cities.The patriarchy consisted of men who considered themselves of higher importance and standing, and men who would assign women duties and expect them to perform without question. This authoritarian rule placed women in a subordinate role and extinguished any hopes of power. In the face of this efficiently and tightly controlled agency, Antigone rebels with what Catherine Holland describes as an â€Å"otherness† and an â€Å"anti-authoritarian† bent. Her very existence as the protagonist and, simultaneously, the antagonist defines her character as the adversary of man and thereby the adversary of the world.Antigone’s razor sharp temerity captures the spirit of modern and nascent feminism as she slashes the societal fabric into which she is woven. Antigone’s relationship with her sister Ismene also acutely expresses her feminist attributes. Ismene says â€Å"You ought to realiz e we are only women, not meant in nature to fight against men, and that we are ruled by those who are stronger. † These words provide insight into the female animus. Antigone confronts the difficult situation of whether or not to bury her brother Polynices against the wishes of her uncle, Creon the king.Ismene believes that women, including herself and Antigone, should not and cannot disobey Creon’s orders by burying their own brother. Antigone disagrees and decides to proceed with her plan. Her divergent thought puts her at odds with her entire family and her own survival. This speaks to the power of feminist thought. Antigone shines as a beacon for her contemporaries and for future generations who aspire to emulate her courage and honor. Vital to the play is Antigone’s conflict with Creon.Her resolute feminist ideology is perhaps most profound in regards to her interaction and relationship with her misogynistic and powerful uncle, the King of Thebes. Creon is a central patriarchal figure in society, and he renounces his beliefs in order to follow the laws of man. He values the laws of man above all other creeds, be they religious or moral. Conversely, Antigone follows the laws of the gods. She holds these principals paramount to the laws of Creon. When her mores, in particular, her family values, are impugned by the oppressive, myopic laws of the day, Antigone clashes with the intolerable, indulgent influence of Creon.With a fearless countenance she collides with Creon in a representative â€Å"battle of the sexes. † Creon forbids the burial of Antigone’s brother Polynices, which vexes the core of her family values. This profound allegiance compels her to disregard her place in society, while concurrently adhering to the traditional duty of women of that era. She now embodies a complicated and dynamic actor in her own story and the narrative of feminist thought. Antigone manifests the apogee of human probity, including forti tude and approbation for the gods.The law of the gods mandate that a proper burial right be given to a body. To Antigone this was more salient than Creon’s declaration otherwise. She reserves a traditional role as a woman; while also brazenly confronting this image. Challenging him through word and deed, she verbally criticizes him and ignores his decree against burying her brother. Creon becomes enraged by this rejection of his autonomy and condemns Antigone to death. Even though Creon knows that Antigone is the daughter of Jocasta, he knows that he must consummate his judgment to conserve his command over and respect of the people of Thebes.This battle between chauvinism of Creon and the conscious of Antigone sets the stage for the new king to secure his role as a strong and worthy leader. If he is feared and admired, he will be confirmed as the sublime authoritative force in Thebes. His deference to the state will engender the obedience of the people. Creon’s derisi ve manipulation to coerce others conflicts with Antigone’s courageous challenge to his leadership. Many of the men of Thebes embraced Creon’s bold assertions against women. As a model of defiance, Antigone is used to set an example to all of Thebes.Antigone is not only the first woman but first person whom intentionally defies Creon’s order to not bury her brother, who has been acknowledged a traitor to Thebes. Creon refuses to humble himself before others, or compromise on the issue but most importantly with women. He states that it is † Better to fall from power, if fall we must, at the hands of a man-never to rated inferior to a woman, never†. Antigone does not give Creon additional respect based on the fact that he a man in patriarchal society or because he is king. Rather she argues that there shall be equality under God and the equality among all of the sexes.Antigone makes it clear to Ismene that she will take action relating to their brother regardless if Ismene agrees or not. Although they argue, there difference in opinion stand out in the end. Antigone is brave enough to stand firm on her decision and although Ismene is far too weak to defy the kings laws, she still feels as if she holds somewhat of a responsibility towards her sister. Without the help of her sister, Iseme, Antigone is willing to put her life at risk in order to provide for her brother and give him what deserves as far as the what the Gods say should be done.Despite Creon, Antigone is willing to test male authority although it may mean not fulfilling her duties as a sister. Ismene states: â€Å"Remember we are women, we're not born to contend with men. Then too, we're underlings, ruled by much stronger hands, so we must submit in this, and things still worse†. These words express Ismene’s extreme fear of subordination towards men. It shows her viewpoint on how the laws restricted the lives of woman and inferiority men placed upon women. A sense of responsibility is place upon Ismene to die with her sister as the the result of Antigone’s plea for help and her fear of being without family. When Creon spoke to Haemon, about the actions of his fiance, he strongly stresses the importance of obligations and the relationships of a man to his father over his wife. Furthermore, he emphasizes the position of males in judgment making by stating, â€Å" Oh Haemon, never loose your sense of judgment over a woman† Haemon's defiance to his father lead Creon to proclaim him a â€Å"woman's slave,† a man who is unfortunately sided with a woman.Creon had strong belief that these types of actions were close to committing a sin. If Antigone had been born the son of Oedipus, Creon would not have the authority to choose, as his crown would rest upon Antigone's head. If Antigone were a male and Creon had been king, the possibility of her opinion on Polynices burial may have been considered. However, Antigone's femini nity made her situation more problematic than it was, as the King completely overlooked Antigone's judgment over the matter. In conclusion, Antigone validates feminist opinions in numerous ways.She begins to challenge society by her existence in the establishment of a dominant male society guided by her own uncle. Antigone defies her own sister and her own mortality as she stays loyal to her beliefs regardless of Creon’s devotion to his own laws. Antigone as a woman, acted out in obligation as a duty for her family and for the Gods. Her integrity serves as an example for her society. Antigone faced her mortality head on, which suggest that she possesses a strong characteristic of bravery and obstinacy. Her legacy will live on to inspire many other insurgents to take a stand on their principles.Antigone's solid feminist stance as a rebelling and male-controlled dictator shows that individualistic thinking and actions can be very powerful in both past and present modern day soc iety. Works Cited Amacher, Richard E. â€Å"Antigone: â€Å"The Most Misread of Ancient Plays†. † National Council of Teachers of English 20. 7 Apr. (1959): 355-58. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. jstor. org/stable/372655;. Holland, Catherine A. â€Å"After Antigone: Women, the Past, and the Future of Feminist Political Thought. † American Journal of Politcal Science 42. Oct. (1998): 1108-32. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. Jstor. org/stable/2991851;. Klemperer, Klemens V. â€Å"†What is the Law That Lies behind These Words? † Antigones Question and the German Resistance against Hitler. † The Chicago Press 64 Dec. (1992): S102-11. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. jstor. org/stable/2124971;. Knapp, Charles. â€Å"A Point in the Interpretation of the Antigone of Sophocles. † The American Journal of Philology 37. 3 (1916): 300-16. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. jstor. org/stable/849663;. Schilb, John, and John

Critical Analysis of a Journal Article Essay

The study of Oncology concerns most and every citizens. Oncology is the study of anything about the nature, medication, and strategic methods in understanding and treating cancer (Kaminsky, 2009). Based on the information provided in the two articles, Oncology was the main focus of the authors. The authors discussed two distinct strategies in dealing with treating the cancer patients. However, I found Takimoto’s (2008) article more convincing than the other article written by Bertino et. al. (2007). To start with, the article by that of Takimoto discusses the proposed method of phase 0 clinical trials to human and animal testing in attempt of the doctors and clinicians to find a cure against cancer. Also, in the article, several advantages of using the clinical trials are imparted like: the reduction of time, and minimal cost of injury or any other harm to both human and animals. Therefore, I agree that phase 0 clinical trials should be performed. In the article innovation was emphasized and linked to the development of products (medicines) through creative manipulating of the dosages that the sample animals or humans, as participants of the trials should receive. Moreover, it was preconceived my many that several dosage could make a patient weak or worse. Thus, it is important among clinicians to define how the dosage should be executed and when shall it stop (Takimoto, 2009). References Bertino, J. , & Greenberg, H. J. (2007). College of clinical pharmacology position statement on the use of microdosing in the drug development process. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 47,418-419. Retrieved January 28, 2009 from the Medline database. Kaminsky, A. (2009). What is oncology? Retrieved January 31, 2009 from http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-oncology. htm Takimoto, C. (2009). Phase 0 Clinical trials in oncology: A paradigm shift for early drug development? Cancer Chemotherapy Pharmacology, 63,703-709. Retrieved January 28,2009 from http://www. SpringerLink. com

Grocery gateway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Grocery gateway - Essay Example In addition, there is the value of chain, a description of the supply chain, competitors, and competition strategy. Lastly, there are various Information Communication Technology tools and components used by the business. Grocery Gateway This is a business located in Canada and consists of a group of entrepreneurs. The main reason for the business was that because people recover things, it is worth establishing a business and combine ideas to accomplish various goals. Longo Brothers Fruit Market Inc is a family, which dominates the actions in Grocery Gateway. They are the employees of the business whose primary aim at maximizing profits and distributing it to all family members. It looks forward to increase the number of registered customers. It offers online services to improve the entire process. The main business involves rental trucks that were few at the start of the business. Grocery Gateway offers transportation services to its consumers (Tallevi, 2013). Description of the sup ply chain in Grocery Gateway Selling of products from the business to the consumers requires a better chain of supply. This is vital to maintain the profits and ensure that the sales do not decrease. Tallevi (2013) indicates that Grocery Gateway sells its products through online engines. There is an established Web site online, which is responsible for ensuring that the necessary information is available to all willing buyers. This is also necessary for growing businesses within a society. Competitors to Grocery Gateway For the running of any business, there must be competition from other businesses offering similar products and services. Competition helps business entrepreneurs to scrutinize the services and products in such a manner that they will of a higher quality as compared to those of the competitors. The competitors to Grocery Gateway business are principally the supermarkets. Most of the supermarkets offer products same as those sold by Gateway Grocery. This creates an env ironment where all entrepreneurs have to meet their set targets. This then calls for strategies that when used, Grocery Gateway will not operate under a negative effect of the competition (Tallevi, 2013). Strategies used by Grocery Gateway to compete Desire for an improvement in the business operations is significant in that it determines the effectiveness of the business. For instance, Grocery Gateway aims at integrating and coordinating several services with intent to have unified web site tasks. Longo Brothers being aware of what the business requires to fit in the business world turns to various systems to increase efficiency in route selection (Tallevi, 2013). Gateway strives though to an increased number of customers, who are the determinants of the sales made per day. There is online registration, which is the best and quicker way of registering buyers. Another way of hindering a negative result of competition as depicted by Gateway is through the opening hours. This is impor tant especially for late night operation. Longo Brothers through online communication stated that the grocery operates under a twenty-four hour basis. This is significant in ensuring there is unlimited number of customers. Importance of the competition strategies Strategies applied by entrepreneurs are the determinants of the survival of the business within the market. For instance, improved customer relations leads to an increase in the number of potential buyers, which is a major source of

Article Review for Graduate Level Educational Research Class Essay

Article Review for Graduate Level Educational Research Class - Essay Example Maslow’s understanding is that ‘if one is to transform the performance of an average person in any field , then one has to study the peak performers, understand the way they work and think and then impart the same skills to the performer who is average to reach the peak’. This understanding was a driving force for Smith and Strahan who chose to study three experts in the field of teaching, watch them in an active environment and collect the information which can help them to create a set of personality traits that makes expert teachers. The study, although was very minute, extensive and thorough, seems to be little rigid. There are many ways and aspects of the study where the researchers could have taken a broader path. This study was undertaken to create a model which can be a tool for beginners in teaching field to understand what makes an expert teacher and how to become one. The aim of the study was to make American Public schools a centre of excellence by helping the teachers of average quality to learn from the experts. Now, when we talk of development of whole country where thousands of schools are involved, is it really valid to create a prototype based on the study of just three teachers? I think that the study should have been conducted nationwide and not just in one state. Teachers with different backgrounds, different cultures and different states should have been studied as we all know that everything changes with difference in the state. This not only would have helped to gain more insight into understanding the expertise in teaching but also would have generated more and more central skills as

Powerlessness in Amongst Nurses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Powerlessness in Amongst Nurses - Research Paper Example Managers have a tendency to overlook the internal conflicts that exist amongst the staff. Nurses experience intense conflicts amongst each other, and they require an arbitrative party to resolve the rivalry (Manojlovich, 2007). When the conflicts are highly persistent, the nurses develop a negative attitude towards the workplace. They feel that situations will remain conflicting. Consequently, the nurses do not anticipate changes and harmony within the workplace. The negative attitude amounts to a feeling of powerlessness in the workplace. Powerless staff will relieve their negative feelings amongst each other (Carpenito-Moyet, 2007). This is according to the oppression theory. Evidently, conflict and powerlessness have a direct affiliation in the workplace. Lateral violence is also a key attribution to powerlessness within the unit. This vice amounts to bullying. Most of the minority nurses experience much adversity from majors within the unit. In this case, the majors oppress colle agues with demeaning tasks (Russell, 2012). Consequently, the patient care is significantly deprived due to the impaired relationships that exist within the staff. Powerful groups extremely humiliate and exploit the powerless groups. Nurses invest in lateral violence in the quest for power. Consequently, they render their colleagues powerless within the workplace. ... Nursing proficiency is a source of power within the unit. Expertise has a definite positive impact to the nurses’ self-esteem. With the advancement of expertise, nurses attain a sense of authority (Manojlovich, 2007). Expertise and proficiency are attainable resources within the confines of the unit. Nurses encounter diverse challenges and experiences that enhance nurse expertise. Attainment of knowledge and skills within the unit accredits the nurse with professional influence to other workmates. In this case, the nurse with expertise will mentor and train newly recruited staff. They are in a capacity to provide a mentorship affiliation with the incoming workforce (Porter-O'Grady, 2009). Consequently, the experienced nurses gain power to induce skills to the recruited nurses. Expertise power amounts to healing supremacy. It transforms the lives of the patients significantly towards healing and recovery. Therefore, expertise elevates the power to care for the patients. Ethics and expertise are evident sources of power within the unit. Question 1c Nancy has an obligation to encourage the nurses towards empowerment. She also has an obligation to resolve the unwanted behaviors within the unit. Nancy ought to spell the impacts of negative relationships. This would involve specific and relevant examples within the nursing unit (Carpenito-Moyet, 2007). Therefore, Nancy should illustrate the ramifications of abusive relationships amongst the nurses. For example, Nancy would outline the impacts of the negative relationships to the patients. She would achieve this by showing the high mortality rate and deprived care towards the patients. Through this illustration, the nurses would be encouraged towards healthy

Globalisation and Tourism and the impact on local and indigenous Essay

Globalisation and Tourism and the impact on local and indigenous cultures - Essay Example It is about establishing interconnected relations throughout the world. Through globalization one can eliminate the barriers that persist within nations, develop healthy trade, bridges communication errors and shares resources. One of the disadvantages of globalization is that it has increased crime level interstate. Los Angeles is one of the most densely polluted countries of the world. Pollution has literally damaged the entire city in such a way that its impact is very obvious. Tourism is an essential part of Los Angeles economy. Los Angeles is one of those countries that are a major tourist attraction, Los Angeles has the honour of housing the home of all legendary actors that is Hollywood. From amazing shopping malls to Hollywood and an amazing blend of various restaurants, Los Angeles offers everything that a tourist wants during vacations. While travelling the quality and the atmosphere of the environment go hand in hand. The environment is made up of natural as well as manmad e things which together build up the tourism in a state. The relation between tourism and environment tends to get very tangling at times. The effects of tourism are very controversial. At times they can be helpful in generating revenue for the state resulting in a fruitful economy and on the contrary it can damage and dent the city's environmental condition resulting in a disaster which can damage countries natural resources. Tourism leads to the development of the place with the construction of roads, parks, malls, resorts, restaurants, hotel, golf courses, airports etc. which eventually build up the infrastructure of a place. "The notion of a tourism system is extremely important when we start to consider the notion of impacts. If we are to evaluate the effects of tourism trips, we need not only to examine where in the system immediate impacts occur, but also to consider if there are system-wide effects that contribute to change in the broader environment. In the case of maritime ship emissions, for example, nitrogen oxide( NOx) have both local and global effects on atmospheric pollution. In the Los Angeles – Long Beach area of California, which is both the United States busiest port and the country's most polluted area, oceangoing vessels are among the largest source of NOx, emitting more NOx than all power plants and refineries in the region's air basin combined. This is significant because as well as being a green house gas (GHG) that contribute to global warming and climate change. NOx reacts with other volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere to produce ozone/smog. Particulates from marine vessels also create significant cancer risks, with an estimated more than 700 premature deaths caused in the Los Angeles area annually by these emissions as of 2008. Because of their often localized nature, the effects of NOx are not just felt in ports, but also along shipping transit routes. For example, Santa Barbara county in California, which has no co mmercial port, estimates by 2020, 67 percent of its NOx inventory will come from shipping traffic transiting the Californian coast." (Scott, 45). This particularly deals with the marine emission that has damaged Los Angeles brutally. This text

Ship Of Ghosts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ship Of Ghosts - Essay Example It was the flagship of the US Asiatic Fleet and in World War II was responsible for holding back and delaying the Japanese from taking over Indonesia. The book narrates the exploits of the Houston until she sinks after a desperate and overwhelming battle with the Japanese forces in 1942, in the Java Sea. The first part of the book describes the naval combat with description of war like booming guns, falling bombs, torpedoes, etc. Hornfischer brings to life the battle as he describes the terror of nighttime naval battles where decks become slaughterhouses and the superhuman effort of the crew as they escape disaster after disaster only to be unlucky in the end when they are hopelessly outnumbered. "Son, we’re going to Hell." These words of the navigator of the USS Houston turn out to be prophetic. The men were forced to abandon the ship and are captured by the Japanese. They were then moved from one camp to another and finally end up in a labor camp in the jungles of Burma. In the second part of the book, the narrative shifts gears and follows the several hundred survivors of the ship to the Japanese POW camps in Southeast A sia. Here it focuses on the labor camps and the sub-human existence of the survivors for over three years, under the barbaric Japanese in the labor camps put up to build the Burma-Thailand Railway. The author describes how the prisoners develop a different kind of heroism when they are without weapons, when starvation stares at them and when they face the brutality of the Japanese guards. At the camps the prisoners suffered from over work, malnutrition, tropical diseases and rotting wounds. Their survival at that point of time depended on their ability to withstand humiliation and hardships without complaining. The author portrays all this beautifully when he writes about the small acts of courage like the stealing of an egg or a can of condensed milk

Media reporting and child sexual abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Media reporting and child sexual abuse - Essay Example The United Nation’s 1959 Declaration of the Rights of the Child states that the child needs special care and protection including appropriate legal protection due to his physical and mental immaturity before and after birth. In the UK, children and young people are offered protection by two important pieces of legislation: the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Human Rights Act 1998.There have been plentiful and varied challenges involving children and young people, in particular under Article 8 of the Human Rights Act(Curtice and Tim,2010,p.361). The Children, Schools and Families Bill has taken some initiatives concerning publishing the family proceedings information. The measures are subject to controversy as there is need to strike the right balance between right of press to report court proceeding under Article 10 ECHR and right to privacy and its respect for children under Article 8 ECHR in addition to their best interest under the UN Convention on the Righ ts of the Child. Relaxation of limitation on media reporting of family proceeding has raised concerns over limiting children rights and providing them insufficient protection (JCHR, 2010). According to media laws, accredited journalists are permitted to observe family court proceedings; however, they are under strict reporting regulations that allow certain level of details for print. The limitation of print reporting are imposed in order to ensure privacy and well-being of children involved in the cases (Silk, 2009).Furthermore, according to Justice Secretary, Jack Straw (cited in Silk, 2009) the limitation will be relaxed in an effort to convey the case substance while children identity and lurid details about family must not be published. The modifications will permit the publication of expert witness reports, including those incorporating details of child abuse. The relaxation will ensure transparency in family justice system and increased public confidence on its services. The legislation has broaden the amount of information that can be reported which include child or parent’s medical, psychological, or psychiatric details in addition to the   information given by a child to his or her parents. It permits the publication of information regarding the case which is not â€Å"personal sensitive information† but the limitations are not clearly defined. The act ensures that names and identities of parties involved remain hidden to maintain lifelong anonymity of children (Baksi, 2010). Recently, numerous high-profile celebrities have accused media of intruding into their privacy during their cases in UK. Most cases are reported against the stories by ‘kiss-and-tell’ tabloids and photographs taken by freelance paparazzi. For instance, celebrity footballer David Bekham and pop star Victoria Bekham and members of British monarchy consistently tried to limit press interference into their personal lives (Drake, 2007, p.220). Apparently, Privacy limitations seems to be defined clearly, however, there is no statute in either English or Scottish law that can be attributed as Privacy Act. In addition, the publicity or personality rights are also not evident. Contrary to defamation or copyright laws, under no specific law we can hold some newspaper responsible for intruding into any individual’s or celebrity’s privacy. This scenario has led to extending the existing legislation in order to contain privacy related cases and to establish the concept in English law courts (Drake, 2007, p.220). Lacking legislation triggered the attempts to define privacy in UK AND Calcutt Committee defined it as â€Å"the right of the individual to be protected against intrusion to his personal life or affairs, or those of his family, direct physical means or by publication of information† (1990, p.7 cited in Drake, 2007, p.221). Absence of a general law for privacy led to the utilization of common law in such cases. I t includes; the 1998 Data Protection Act, 1997

Thailand Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Thailand - Research Paper Example Poverty level in the country has declined by a big margin. Nevertheless, economic inequality has dramatically increased (Mason 278). The economic progress in the country is evident in the continuous improvement of the non-economic indicators that translate to the well-being, like, life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality rate, and literacy levels. However, the country has not recorded good progress in the education system. It requires reforms in several areas like in the political and corporate governance in order to have a smooth run in economic progress. Introduction Thailand has been among a group of East and Southeast Asia that have formed the center of research because of their outstanding economic performance. She forms part of discussions and is a determinant of economic growth. Just like the other economic pacesetters of Asia, Thailand has employed the common development strategies and their immediate outcomes have not been much different (Brewer and McEwan 123). The co untry has prospered under the globalizing strategy. It lies in the middle-income developing countries in several aspects like; the country was never colonized. This is a unique experience in the states of South East Asia. The country has also been courageous to embark in trade and investment integration with the rest of the world. These interactions in conjunction with macroeconomic policies have steered Thailand towards economic stability. Long-term developments In 1945 at the end of the Second World War Thailand was among the poorest countries in Asia. Its economy remained stagnant for about a century since it had greatly suffered from the war damage. Many economic analysts rated the country as poor. However, in the mid of 1990s, roughly a half a century later, the country replaced all these negative assessments by dramatic economic progresses, following the foot steps of Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Thailand within a short span achieved a rapid economic growth, macroeconomic sta bility, and a steadily declining poverty rate. These made the country acquire consideration as a champion of sustained development (Chaloemtiarana 79). Thailand’s long-term economic developments have had a unique character of high levels of investment and deep trade with world countries. Thailand has maintained an economic stability for a long time, since it has never recorded a negative growth for the last four decades. Thailand’s economic growth is worth emulation starting with its central bank, which got awards for having the most competent and stable management. The crisis that occurred in 1997 to 1998 reversed the country’s fine economic progress and poverty incidences began rising. The exchange rate collapsed and the financial system was largely bankrupt. The economic damage due to this crisis was substantial. It eroded some of the gains that Thailand had made (Mason 312). Since the start of the crisis, Thailand’s economic recovery was moderate and her real GDP was slightly below the log-term trend rate. However, the main question as at now is; where did this rapid economic growth source from. The growth framework has focus on the determinants of aggregate supply as relevant on the specific periods. The Thailand’s impressive growth lies on the primary growth of capital stock. The domestic and foreign investment grew rapidly, but the growth rate for the foreign investment was more rapid. This foreign investment has played an important role in introducing new technology and development of export market. The quantitative importance of foreign investment in Thailand’s capital stock accumulation is prone to exaggeration. The main factors that have contributed to the Thailand’

The ompany Apple Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The ompany Apple - Research Paper Example This paper studies Apple, the company’s history and changes over a period of time. The story began in the Santa Clara Valley of California, then known for its fruit orchards, world know it as Silicon Valley after Apple. Steven Paul Jobs and Stephen Gary Wozniak (Woz) were introduced by Woz’s neighbor, Bill Fernandez. Bill and Woz worked together for building their first computer from parts discarded by local companies due to cosmetic defaults. They named it after their favorite beverage, â€Å"cream soda computer†. Those days computers were discouragingly expensive. Woz was compelled to design computers on paper. He concentrated on minimizing the number of components in order to design as clean electronics as possible. After withdrawing from college in 1971, 16-years-old Steven Jobs met 21-years-old Woz. Jobs convinced Woz for mass production and selling of the computer design he made. The duo, Woz, the engineer, and Jobs, the marketing maven, worked amazingly we ll and the rest is history (O’Grady 1-2). Jobs needed computer parts for his class project; he called Bill Hewlett at his home and asked him. Hewlett not only gave him required parts, but also gave him a summer job at HP assembly frequency counters as an appreciation of the initiative Jobs took. Woz went back to academics and enrolled into University of California, simultaneously, he joined hands with Jobs who convinced him for the dream of owning a company (O’Grady 2).On his mother’s indication, Woz built â€Å"blue boxes† by following the instructions in 1971 issue of Esquire. The born marketer, Jobs purchased the parts and sold them in the dorms for $150 each under the alias Oaf Tobark. Jobs shared the profits with Woz alias Berkeley Blue, whose job was to build devices (qtd in O’Grady 2). Woznaik joined Homebrew Computer Club in 1975.HCC was an early computer enthusiasts’ group, several of Silicon Valley pioneers remained a part of the c lub at some point. Woz’s first major project was the Computer Conversor. Woz’s assistance was solicited by Alex Kamradt for developing a video-teletype machine for company’s minicomputers. Stimulated by teletype and inspired by an Altair 8800, Woz integrated a dedicated microprocessor into his lowly teletype and transformed it into a completely functional computer (O’Grady 2-3). Woz could not afford purchasing Central Processing Unit (CPU); therefore, he worked at HP and kept tinkering with Altair at home. As MOS Technology released their 6502 processor for only $20, Woz adapted his 6800 paper designs to run on MOS processor. Woz completed Apple I and demonstrated it at Homebrew Club. Jobs immediately identified its potential to sell it to the hobbyists (O’Grady 3). Apple I stood out because a standard television was used as a monitor when other computers had no display at all. No doubt, it was faster than teletype at that time, but its speed was n ot exceptional. In terms of design, Apple I was the pioneer. Woz was a maven when it comes to minimizing the number of chips in a certain design. He minimized price and complexity by simplifying the debugging process. His chip reduction strategy was the most cherished and respected among his peers. Apple I had boot code on a Read Only Memory (ROM), later Woz added loads and save programs to cassette on Paul Terrell’s suggestion (O’

A Separate Peace Essay Example for Free

A Separate Peace Essay In the novel, A Separate Peace, by John Knowles the question is presented â€Å"what is a true friend?† The author challenges the question by manifesting two main characters, Finny and Gene, to have a type of rivalry relationship. Finny is a self-confident, outgoing, and athletic person. Awhile on the other hand Gene is quiet, competitive, and intelligent person. Gene gains jealous thoughts which in the end lead their friendship too gradually to fall apart. The author creates a challenge that frustrates both Finny and Gene to test both side of their relationship. As an example the author shows Finny’s fall in the climax of the book is due to Gene being jealous of him which then leads to Finny’s tragic injury.†I was not of the same quality as he. I couldnt stand this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Knowles 52). Gene was surrounded with depression and major guilt. I feel that, with friendship there is always going to be envious feelings towards the other party no matter what, but not to a point of possibly injuring them or hurting them really bad. Another incident is when Gene wears Finny’s clothes while he is recovering from his injury. This brings out the thought that Gene missed Finny and he had a feeling of loneness, but however he is also replacing him in his athletics.†Listen, pal, if I can’t play sports, you’re going to play for me† (Knowles 76). Due the past altercations, Gene will play for Finny, not only because he was the second best player but Finny was injured. So I guess you can say he qualifies for his replacement. This shows that in a friendship or relationship, when two friends have had an argument in the past that has lead to loneliness, an empty feeling, and non communication, but in the end this is the factors that makes a friendship stronger when they finally talk again for the first time in a long period of time and they both feel the love and welcoming type of feeling. The last incident that occurs shows the true feelings of friendship illustrated by the author is, this is when Finny falls down the stairs and  he breaks his leg for the second time. But sadly in the end e eventually dies in surgery when the doctor begins his procedure on Finny’s leg to try to fix it. The doctor then explains that the marrow of the bone escaped and went throughout his bloodstream leading to his heart killing him. Gene didn’t cry for one reason, when he was at Finny’s funeral, he felt as if this was his own.†I could not escape a feeling that this was my own funeral, and you do not cry in that case†(Knowles 184). Gene is mad at himself for endangering Finny’s life by bouncing and unbalancing the tree branch as Finny leaped out towards the water and in the end unintentionally ending his Finney’s life. John Knowles wrote the sad story of when friends obtain the feelings of envy or jealousy, on their journey to discover the true meaning of what they thought was a true friend. Their jealous cravings lead them to their tragedy and this is the major factor that brought their friendship to a end. The question â€Å"What is a true friend?† can only be answered in your opinion for there is no true definition of true friends because everyone is different and therefore think differently and has a different opinion on the subject.

Therapeutic Proteins †Hirudin

Therapeutic Proteins – Hirudin Isaac Johnson Hirudin is a polypeptide that has anticoagulant properties (Rosenthal, 2008). Hirudin is important because it is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Since the presence of thrombin, a serine protease, is indicative of a blood clot having a polypeptide that specifically inhibits thrombin generation is important in a number of ways (Contributors, Thrombin, 2013). Hirudin is used to prevent the formation of blood clots in arteries, veins, and chambers within the heart (Rosenthal, 2008). Hirudins produced by recombinant biotechnology are more effective than other serine proteases produced by the body because they break up several different types of thrombin and they don’t bind to plasma proteins, which means there is a known dose-response relationship (Andreas Greinacher, 2008). The clinical use of r-hirudin provided an alternative choice to those people who experienced complications when given heparin; in addition â€Å"r-hirudin is important because it binds directly to thrombin, there by forming a complex with thrombin not only at its fibrinogen-binding site but also at its catalytic region†(Eichinger, 1995, p. 886), which completely stops the generation of thrombin unlike heparin which stops the production of thrombin by â€Å"catalyzing the inactivation of thrombin using anti-thrombin III†(Eichinerger, 1995, p. 886). Hirudin was discovered by John Haycraft in 1884 during his research on the coagulation of blood. In the 1900s it was extracted from leeches but today it is produced through recombinant biotechnology (Contributors, Hirudin, 2014). â€Å"The first recombinant hirudin produced and approved for clinical use, called lepirudin, was approved by the FDA in 1998 for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia complicated by thrombosis† (Greinacher, 2008, p. 819). Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a disorder which causes clotting to occur instead of excessive bleeding and is countered by administering another anticoagulant to inhibit thrombocytosis (Contributors, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 2013). Hirudin is a polypeptide produced by the parapharyngeal glands of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Hirudins produced through recombinant biotechnology are generally produced using Pichia pastorus although Escherichia coli can be used as well albeit with the risk of degradation (Wuguang Lu, 2012). The process of producing recombinant hirudin (rHIR) is a multi-stage process, the main stages are: Construction of HIR/pPic9k, Transformation of P. pastorus strain, Shake flask evaluation of transformants, Clone fermentation, rHIR purification (Stuart A. Rosenfeld, 1996). The first stage, the construction of HIR/pPic9k, had several steps: use of pLMFÃŽ ±1 as a template for the PCR amplication of the hirudin gene, the use of primers to clone the gene, and the use of restrictive endonucleases to cut out part of the vector so that the hirudin gene could be inserted into pPic9K vector. Because the hirudin gene was inserted into the expression vector it allowed for greater control of the cloning process and allowed for optimization of the process. In the second stage, the transformation of P. pastorus strain, the expression vector was digested with Sa1I, a restrictive endonuclease, and the DNA was integrated into the host genome through homologous recombination via electroporation. Because the Hir/PPic9K was digested with Sa1I a large amount of His+ transformants were obtained after electroporation. These transformants were replica-plated, in order to obtain resistance to the antibiotic G418, whereupon the transformants could then undergo multiple chromoso mal integrations of the HIR gene. In the third stage, the shake flask evaluation of transformants, the transformants were screened to determine if they were capable of expressing and secreting recombinant hirudin. All of the transformants from the experiment did secrete recombinant hirudin albeit at different rates over the course of the 7 day evaluation. In the fourth stage, clone fermentation, the cultures were fermented in order to increase production of recombinant hirudin. Fermentation conditions increased r-hir production based on dissolved oxygen content, nutrient balance and high cell densities which made the environment optimal for recombinant hirudin production. The fermentation process was a batch process and used glycerol as the sole carbon source followed later by feeding the cultures methanol to fully induce rHIR expression. The methanol feed rate was varied so that a low concentration could be maintained in the fermentor thus keeping toxicity levels low. A low pH leve l is required for the fermentation process; a pH of 5 is too high and causes the proteins to break down while a pH of 3 is optimal for rHIR production. The final stage, the purification of rHIR, used a two-step purification protocol where first Q-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography was used followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The recombinant hirudin had a purity percentage of more than 97% and a recovery yield of 63% (Stuart A. Rosenfeld, 1996). The impact of therapeutic proteins on society has been overwhelmingly positive. Recombinant proteins have many uses in society and have been incorporated into many different facets of everyday life. They are used in many different types of therapy from growth hormone treatment in adults to the use of recombinant interferon used to treat Hepatitis C. Recombinant proteins don’t just impact the medical field though they also play an important role in cosmetics and as dietary supplements. Furthermore when recombinant proteins are compared to blood plasma-derived products they are clearly shown to be safer. Since recombinant proteins were first introduced in the early 1990s there have been few adverse effects caused by them and zero fatalities whereas blood plasma-derived products carry the risk of transmission of emerging diseases that could turn into epidemics like the swine flu or bird flu (Liras, 2008). In conclusion hirudin is a polypeptide that is a direct inhibitor of thrombin and thus is an excellent anticoagulant. Several different types of recombinant proteins derived from hirudin have been approved for clinical use since the late 1990’s. These alternatives, like lepirudin, fill a necessary niche in the medical world that other coagulants cannot fill due to either patient complications with those drugs or hirudin derived drugs simply being more effective. The role that therapeutic proteins play in medical treatments and therapy will increase in society at they become more cost effective and production methods become more efficient. References Andreas Greinacher, T. E. (2008). The direct thrombin inhibitor hirudin . Thromb Haemost, 819-829. Contributors, W. (2013, November 2). Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Retrieved January 11, 2014, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin-induced_thrombocytopenia Contributors, W. (2013, December 23). Thrombin. Retrieved January 11, 2014, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin Contributors, W. (2014, January 4). Hirudin. Retrieved January 11, 2014, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirudin Liras, A. (2008). Recombinant proteins in therapeutics: haemophilia treatment as an example. International Archives of Medicine, 1-4. Rosenthal, S. O. (2008). Encylopedia of Molecular Pharmacology. New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Sabine Eichinger, M. W.-L.-G. (1995). Effects of Recombinant Hirudin (r-Hirudin, HBW 023) on Coagulation and Platelet Activation In Vivo. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 886-892. Stuart A. Rosenfeld, D. N. (1996). Production and Purification of Recombinant Hirudin. PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION Article No. 0127, 476-482. Wuguang Lu, X. C. (2012). Production and Characterization of Hirudin Variant-1 by SUMO. Springer Science+Business Media, 41-48.

Risk Management Of Ambuja Cement Economics Essay

Risk Management Of Ambuja Cement Economics Essay Ambuja Cements was set up in 1986. In the last decade the company has grown tenfold. The total cement capacity of ACL as on CY07 is 18.5 million tonnes. Its plants are some of the most efficient in the world. Its environment protection measures are on par with the finest in the developed world. ACL follows a unique home grown philosophy of giving people the authority to set their own targets, and the freedom to achieve their goals. This simple vision has created an environment where there are no limits to excellence, no limits to efficiency. It has presence in the North, East and Western regions of India. Its domestic market share stands at 10.2% as on CY07. ACL has developed a unique homespun channel management model called Channel Excellence Programme (CEP). Over 7,000 dealerships and 20,000 retailers across India are covered under this model. This program emphasizes the relationship management approach to build strong business ties with the dealers and retailers. ACL largely expor ts to the Middle East. ACL was one of the first companies to be equipped with shipping fleet and make use of sea as a medium to transport cement across the globe. Sea transport costs one-third of road transport. It has a port terminal at Muldwarka, Gujarat that handles ships with 40,000 DWT. It is also equipped to export clinker and cement and import coal and furnace oil. ACL is the one of the most profitable cement companies in India, and one of the lowest cost producers of cement in the world. GACL has bulk cement terminals at Muldwarka (Gujarat), Panvel, Navi Mumbai and Surat. Risks in Company- Demand-supply mismatch could take time to stabilise, thereby putting further pressures on margins- Recently due to Slowdown of the cement demand a mismatch come into effect so due to excess production and supply of the cement company is bearing on the front of lower margins. Cement price / realisations to dip on account of demand slowdown- As mentioned above the demand slowdown impacted the prices to take it lower so company is having less profits which is adversily effecting the future growth projects lead out by GACL. Rise in input costs affecting OPMs- GACLs OPMs were at its peak in Q1CY07 after which it has seen a constant fall due to the rising prices of commodities like fly ash, gypsum, coal, crude oil, etc, rise in power fuel costs and rise in other expenditure. Higher clinker purchase pulls down margin- Higher clinker purchase pulled down the margin of the company. Ambuja is trading at a steep premium to its peers despite the fact that it does not have the best return ratios and best margins in the industry. Thus, we are maintaining our UNDERPERFORMER rating on the stock. Demand-Supply gap, overcapacity: The capacity additions distort the demand-supply equilibrium in the industry  thereby affecting profitability. Risks in Industry- Increased cost of production due to increase in coal prices. High Interest rates on housing: The re-pricing of the interest rates in the last four years from 7% to 12% has resulted in the slowdown in residential property market. Imports from Pakistan affecting markets in Northern India: In 2007, 130000 tonnes in 2008, 173000 Metric tones of  cement  was exported to India. This was done to keep the price of cement  under check. Effect of global recession on real estate: The real estate prices are stabilizing and facing steady slowdown especially in metros. There has been drastic reduction in property prices due to reduced demand and increased supply. Shifting supplies from export market to domestic market: ACL is the largest exporter among the Indian cement players. Its exports account for nearly one-third of the total exports from the country by listed players. ACL witnessed reduction in exports by 28% to 1.3 mn tonnes in CY07 vis-à  -vis 1.8 mn tonnes in CY06 due to diversion of exports to the domestic market on account of more lucrative prices in the domestic markets. The recent lifting of the ban on export of cement in the backdrop of waning demand for this crucial construction input from the real estate sector will have marginal impact on exports from India as the government had allowed export of cement from ports in Gujarat (accounting for 85% of the exports from India) on May 27, 2008. The ban was imposed on April 11 this year to curb the rapidly rising inflation. Competitors:  The Indian cement industry has a large number of fragmented firms. There is also a dearth of new players as incumbents have already procured key raw material sources, like limestone reserves on long-term leases. Further, large firms are continuously consolidating by acquiring smaller ones that find it difficult to attain minimum efficient scale of production. Product: Cement is a bulk commodity and a low value product. It is sold in 50 kg packs as OPC grade 33, 43, and 53. It is used in all construction activities as a primary constituent of concrete. Due to similar raw material inputs and production processes, there is no significant differentiation in the cement produced across firms. Environmental Issues:  Greenhouse gas emissions from cement manufacturing pose a serious environmental threat. Currently, the cement industry generates 5% of Indias total carbon-dioxide emissions.2  With stringent emission norms, the production process needs to be made environmentally sustainable. The cost of implementing new production processes that help reduce emissions can be offset by trading certified emission reductions (CERs). CERs are a component of national and international emissions trading schemes, implemented through Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, in an attempt to mitigate global warming.3  Credits obtained through implementation of such projects can be traded in international markets. Risk Techniques used by Company- Company is expanding its operations by purchasing more units and invreasing the production capacity to further lower down the overall production costs to remain competitive in the industry. It also is reducing costs by making to reach to the Big suppliers which can provide quality materials in less prices. It is how company responded to the challenges. Post Impact of Risk Management techniques- Company has come forward in the industry and increased the operations in many states, also enhanced its exports and has posed a challenge before other companies.

Opportunities for International Investors Essay -- Essays Papers

Opportunities for International Investors ATTITUDES TOWARDS FOREIGN INVESTMENT Because the Foreign Investments Law and supplementary rules establish the principle of equal treatment for domestic and foreign investors, foreign investors enjoy the same rights and duties as Argentine investors. However, the government no longer grants special incentives. Argentina welcomes foreign investments, and its laws governing foreign investment are among the most liberal in the world. In general, Argentina encourages investments through a free-market policy and low income tax rates rather than through subsidies. The basic attitude towards foreign capital is very positive; all previously existing requirements concerning prior government approval of foreign investments have been eliminated. Argentina has traditionally been very hospitable to foreigners. The Argentine government is making active efforts to attract foreign investments. Foreign investments obviously have also played a very important role in the privatization process, referred to below. Domestic capital resources are not sufficient for economic development; the government therefore encourages the inflow of foreign investment. Because Argentina formerly followed a protectionist economic policy to promote inward development, economic activity was excessively regulated. Under a new strategy to encourage foreign trade, rules that obstructed foreign trade have been modified or eliminated. Further, permission is no longer required to import goods, the import tariff structure has been simplified and tariffs have been reduced. Taxes on exports have been almost eliminated. All restrictions and procedures that in the past slowed down the entry of capital and technology from abroad have been abolished. Changes in foreign investment regulations have eliminated obstacles to the inflow of capital into Argentina. RESTRICTIONS ON INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTS. All restrictions on foreign investments have been lifted and foreign investment does not require any prior approval from the Argentine authorities. Although some remain in sensitive areas such as defense, telecommunications, and oil and gas. Profits may be freely transferred. STATE ASSISTANCE AND GRANTS Special incentives for certain activities and tax reimbursements on exports, among others, are granted under identical conditions to nationa... ... and its eight hypermarkets. Royal Ahold also has a large operation; the Dutch retailer is joint owner of 235 Disco supermarkets. Any improvement for Wal-Mart in Argentina rests on its ability to increase its size substantially and on the economy improving; the outlook for the latter is still suspect. The economy performed worse than expected last year and the outlook for this year, according to the International Monetary Fund, is for 2.5% gross domestic product growth. Interest rates have fluctuated wildly, but the prime lending rate was still in the upper teens at press time.The government has attempted to institute reforms that will stimulate the economy and restore growth. Bibliography Howell, Llewellyn D. and Chad*censored*, Brad, "Models of Political Risk for Foreign Investment and Trade," Columbia Journal of World Business, Fall 1994a. Levy, John B. and Yoon, Eunsang, "Methods of Country Risk Assessment for International Market - Entry Decision," Institute for the Study of Business Markets (ISBM), Report 11-1996. CNN- News Net Work/ business & Finance McGraw-Hill; International Business. e7th; p.191 www. Businessmonitor.co.uk World Bank / Argentina Opportunities for International Investors Essay -- Essays Papers Opportunities for International Investors ATTITUDES TOWARDS FOREIGN INVESTMENT Because the Foreign Investments Law and supplementary rules establish the principle of equal treatment for domestic and foreign investors, foreign investors enjoy the same rights and duties as Argentine investors. However, the government no longer grants special incentives. Argentina welcomes foreign investments, and its laws governing foreign investment are among the most liberal in the world. In general, Argentina encourages investments through a free-market policy and low income tax rates rather than through subsidies. The basic attitude towards foreign capital is very positive; all previously existing requirements concerning prior government approval of foreign investments have been eliminated. Argentina has traditionally been very hospitable to foreigners. The Argentine government is making active efforts to attract foreign investments. Foreign investments obviously have also played a very important role in the privatization process, referred to below. Domestic capital resources are not sufficient for economic development; the government therefore encourages the inflow of foreign investment. Because Argentina formerly followed a protectionist economic policy to promote inward development, economic activity was excessively regulated. Under a new strategy to encourage foreign trade, rules that obstructed foreign trade have been modified or eliminated. Further, permission is no longer required to import goods, the import tariff structure has been simplified and tariffs have been reduced. Taxes on exports have been almost eliminated. All restrictions and procedures that in the past slowed down the entry of capital and technology from abroad have been abolished. Changes in foreign investment regulations have eliminated obstacles to the inflow of capital into Argentina. RESTRICTIONS ON INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTS. All restrictions on foreign investments have been lifted and foreign investment does not require any prior approval from the Argentine authorities. Although some remain in sensitive areas such as defense, telecommunications, and oil and gas. Profits may be freely transferred. STATE ASSISTANCE AND GRANTS Special incentives for certain activities and tax reimbursements on exports, among others, are granted under identical conditions to nationa... ... and its eight hypermarkets. Royal Ahold also has a large operation; the Dutch retailer is joint owner of 235 Disco supermarkets. Any improvement for Wal-Mart in Argentina rests on its ability to increase its size substantially and on the economy improving; the outlook for the latter is still suspect. The economy performed worse than expected last year and the outlook for this year, according to the International Monetary Fund, is for 2.5% gross domestic product growth. Interest rates have fluctuated wildly, but the prime lending rate was still in the upper teens at press time.The government has attempted to institute reforms that will stimulate the economy and restore growth. Bibliography Howell, Llewellyn D. and Chad*censored*, Brad, "Models of Political Risk for Foreign Investment and Trade," Columbia Journal of World Business, Fall 1994a. Levy, John B. and Yoon, Eunsang, "Methods of Country Risk Assessment for International Market - Entry Decision," Institute for the Study of Business Markets (ISBM), Report 11-1996. CNN- News Net Work/ business & Finance McGraw-Hill; International Business. e7th; p.191 www. Businessmonitor.co.uk World Bank / Argentina

Dominicans And Afro-americans Essays -- essays research papers

In America today, there is a large and diverse African-American population. Within this population, there are several ethnic groups. The other ethnic group similar to Afro-Americans is Dominicans. Not only are they both minorities, but they also look similar as well. Both Dominicans and Afro-Americans are originally from Africa, but their slave masters separated them into two different cultures. African-Americans was African slaves of Americans, and Dominicans were African slaves of the Spanish. Hevesi of the New York Times says, "Dominican and Afro-Americans culture was formed from one ethnicity, Africans" (Hevesi 86). As a person of these two ethnic groups, I have two perceptions of my dual ethnicity. Among Afro-Americans’ and Dominicans’ culture, language, history and values, there are large differences, but there are also several similarities. I will compare and contrast these two ethnic groups which are within me. Dominicans and African-Americans are similar in their African origin, but they are different â€Å"in their newfound slavery-induced cultures.† Dominicans were Africans mixed with Spanish culture. Through slave settlements, Dominicans were settled in Hispanola. In Hispanola, Dominicans were influenced between two ethnic groups. As a new ethnic group formed, their African traits were mixed with Spanish traits (Saillant-Torres 131). African America history was African culture mixed with American culture. As a group, slave masters made their voyage to Africa, took slaves, and formed a group called Afro-Americans. African culture was integrated into Western civilization. Most Africans were slaves in the Southern part of North America. Arnold Rose points out; "Negro’s are not accepted in America" (94). Some Dominicans were settled in America. Many live in New York in a city called Spanish Harlem. Today, over 100 million Dominicans live there. The histories of these two ethnic groups have very little similarity, but the African influence is one unifying force. The languages of these two ethnic groups are completely different. Dominicans speak Spanish and Afro-Americans speak English. Dominicans don't speak casual Castillan Spanish. They speak Spanish with a twist of African influences. Gleijeses says, "Dominicans don't speak true Spanish, so they are not treated as Spanish† (7). African-Americans speak English with a diffe... ...ning their ethnic identity and becoming part of American culture. I view Dominicans and Afro-Americans similarly because I am a person of these two ethnic groups. Most of the time people perceive me as Black and other time’s people call me Puerto Rican. I know I shouldn’t get angry, but I feel like others don’t respect me and are trying to label me. My mother is Black and my father is Dominican. Most Dominicans think that it is an odd mixture, but they don’t realize that they have the same origins from Africa. In a way it is hard to be a part of two ethnic groups, but it is very interesting. In my life, I had a lot of criticism from both sides of my family. My mother doesn’t like my father’s family and the feeling is mutual. So, I have many problems with my race, but I am still very proud. I always try to unite my family to become equal. In America today, I feel every ethnic group should see themselves as equal. Regardless of their heritage, they are still Americans. So, I feel any racism between Americans is very ignorant. In conclusion, I think difference is good, but similarities are better, because you find out the things that you share and how you can relate to one another.

The Travel Expense Billing Controversy and False Claims Act Essay

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC), a major accounting firm, was engaged in unethical billing practices that generated millions of dollars in additional revenue to the company. PwC was charging its clients the full price of airline tickets and other travel expenses, such as hotel rooms and car rentals, while it was actually expending only a small percentage of the full amount billed to its clients due to applied rebates and discounts it received under travel agencies and airline contracts and negotiations. Therefore, the company was â€Å"overcharging†¦ clients and pocketing the difference without revealing the practice† (AccountingWeb). However, since Neal A. Roberts, a PwC employee, discovered his employer’s travel billing practices, PwC found itself in a very difficult situation. Mr. Roberts wasn’t in agreement with his company’s billing method and made several attempts to address the problem while working for his firm without much success. He reache d out to the company’s ethics department and to an in-house PwC lawyer, but only managed to have the company’s policy revised, not corrected. A group of people (mostly the company’s partners) decided that under the new policy, PwC would have to disclose most of the discounts to its clients but still keep 8 percent of the rebates as a â€Å"cover our costs† fee while retaining the â€Å"millions†¦ collected previously on the earlier rebates† (Carroll and Buchholtz 630). Despite these policy changes, Neil A. Roberts remained dissatisfied and decided to file a False Claims lawsuit against PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The False Claims Act is a federal legislation that was established to make sure companies were not circumventing the government. Under this legislation, anyone who knows about â€Å"companies that are defrauding the government may sue on the government’s behalf and share in the proceeds of the suit† while being protected from workplace retaliation under the qui tam (also known as a whistle-blower) provisions of the Act (Carroll and Buchholtz 630). In December 2003, Mr. Roberts won the False Claims lawsuit against PwC after much investigation, and â€Å"the accounting firm agreed†¦ to a settlement valued at $54.5 million† although it denied the fraud allegations (Weil 1). Considering this travel expense billing controversy, the company failed to obtain integrity and professionalism by carrying out this unethical pr actice for its own benefit. It was selfish, only seeking profit, and neglected its reputation in front  of clients and the market. In addition, the firm also failed to elaborate important policies and regulations in regards to this unethical practice in order to prevent employers from attempting this illegal action. Moreover, the accounting firm was lacking an effective stakeholder management and important principles that could have helped build stakeholder relationships. Since the company’s primary and secondary social stakeholders are the employees, managers, clients, ethics committee, management committee, travel companies/airlines, and federal government, PwC should develop a strong stakeholder culture and stakeholder management capabilities. They can effectively address stakeholder issues and relationships, analyze the stakeholders’ power, monitor their interests and needs, communicate with them regularly, and stay engaged with them. In doing so, the company would be able to identify strategies for dealing with the key stakeholders and consider the relative power of different stakeholder groups along with their importance to the issues confronting the organization. PwC desired to be seen as an ethically responsible company by having an ethics committee, but instead, it was only trying to be ethically responsible through legitimation, which is â€Å"a dynamic process by which business seeks to perpetuate its acceptance† (Carro ll and Buchholtz 95). The firm wanted to continue to obtain financial gain even though Mr. Roberts and other partners had already questioned its practices. For instance, modifying its policy to offer discounts of 28 percent while still keeping 8 percent as a service fee. As a result, all these issues influenced Neil A. Roberts’ decision in filing a False Claims lawsuit against the accounting firm. The False Claims Act is good in its sense, which allows an individual to report a company whenever it is engaging in illegal activities, but Mr. Roberts could be using this Act to gain financial gain as he also participated in the False Claims lawsuit against IBM that settled in 2007. Consequently, these allegations create some concerns in regards to Mr. Roberts’ intentions. Was he acting ethically to overturn unethical companies or was he just acting to simply obtain financial gains, as the Act awards individuals a share of the winnings when they seek fraud damages on behalf of the government? All things considered, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP could have avoided this multimillion dollar lawsuit and scandal if only it had maintained its corporate legitimacy by observing all laws and regulations, and practicing good ethical principles towards its stakeholders. Works Cited AccountingWeb. PwC to Settle Travel Expenses Lawsuit for $54.5 Million. 23 December 2003. Web. 28 September 2014. Carroll, Archie B and Ann K Buchholtz. â€Å"Corporate Governance: Foundational Issues.† Business & Society ; Ethics, Sustainability, and Stakeholder Management. South-Western Cengage Learning, 2012. 94-120. Paper. Carroll, Archie B and Ann K Buchholtz. â€Å"The Travel Expense Billing Controversy and False Claims Act.† Business & Society ; Ethics, Sustainability, and Stakeholder Management. Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2012. 628-31. Paper. Weil, Jonathan. â€Å"Court Files Offer Inside Look At Pricewaterhouse Billing Clash.† The Wall Street Journal Online (2004): 1-4. Web. 28 September 2014.

English 101 Argumentation Essay

The new bum- uninvolved policy at Suny Orange has numerous students outraged. Student smoking carriages argon being shunned for their habituation and argon now oblige to paseo to the parking lot during conformation breaks for their fix. Our parliamentary law is out casting them, even though its becalm legal, available, and enjoyable for umpteen. However, green goddess on campus presents several problems to consider. Smoking is contagious. It spreads wish well wild fire from one soulfulness to the next. Students may find themselves being fellow pressured to supergrass be parkway its the cool aff mail to do, or everyone is doing it.Especi on the wholey since our economy is in a recession, many concourse ar stressed out, and vulnerable. A group of masses grass near a non-smoker creates a bad environment for the non- smoker, and they may be influenced into skunk. Its no mystery that cig bettes are extremely addictive. If a student caves to ally pressure just once, they could become a slave to the habit for the rest of their life. When I left my English 101 class the other day, I witnessed a 9 year old boy skate up to a student who was smoking and the boy asked him if he could engender a cigg.The student found him amusing and told him he shouldnt be smoking but, non before handing him a cigarette. With the ban of smoking on campus, it allow greatly suppress these situations from happening. Smokers tend to litter. Seeing a smoker flick a cigarette nooky on the floor is an image that is all too familiar. With the amount of people who smoke today, its simply bound to cause a mess. A college setting shouldnt be burdened with a distasteful landscape. Its very uncomfortable to bye to class surrounded by garbage. Also, the littering harms our environment.Birds, fish, flowers, and many critters are at risk. The cigarette idler still contains all the harmful chemicals that are toxic. They arent biodegradable so they leave build up very chop- chop and animals may confuse them for food. In addition, for each one discarded cigarette coffin nail possesses a potential fire. If a fire where to go on many peoples lives would be put into danger because of the overcrowding O. C. C. C faces. The butt just needs to land somewhere with a little dry plant life then with a soft wind, it will burst into flames and spread from building to building.Unfortunately, smokers befoolt seem to take this terror very seriously. The smoke cigarettes emit into the air. Its practically impossible to walk amongst buildings without inhaling a lungful of cigarette smoke peculiarly when smokers light up just away doorways and force everyone who wants to enter to walk rightly by them. All the smokers seem to only disregard the fact that other people dont want to be indulging in their bad habits. These smokers arent just polluting the air outside, but the air indoors as well.The second soul open the door all the smoke rushes into the building . Its irritating to have to roost in these harmful chemicals. Its an here and now headache when a classmate weak of smoke sits next to me. It also doesnt help with studying either. While divergence school yesterday I was immersed into a cloud of cigarette smoke and I couldnt stop coughing, my eyes began cutthroat and I was extremely uncomfortable. Students are forced to face situations like this on a daily basis, and sadly many have become accustomed to it.Im still trying to wrap my head around why so many students are against the new smoke-free policy. Its not like they are being unsheathed of their ability to smoke their cancer cause tobacco. Its just not price it to have them diminishing the colleges appeal, period hurting themselves, other students, our environment, and potentially our school. maybe in the future the college will assign designated smoking areas which dont pretend other smoke-free students but, in the lag there will be no smoking on college grounds.

Community Psychology Essay

1. UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUALS1.1 Ecological principlesthither be quaternion key bionomic principles proposed by James Kelly et al in reasonableness human environments and they be coarseness, pass of visions, accommodateation, and episode.Interdependence- As with biological eco formations, whatever genial system has multiple link up part and multiple relationships with other systems. Changes in star of these parts rat expunge the others they ar interdependent. A corollary of the principle of interdependence is that any change in a system give have multiple consequences round of them unanticipated and perhaps unwanted. An example of interdependence could be, when the primary c begiver gets the flu, meal preparation, washing, transportation, and a host of other daily trading operations for every other member of the family atomic number 18 motivateed.Cycling of Resources- It specifies that any system loafer be still by examining how resources atomic number 18 use d, distributed, conserved, and transformed. Personal resources accommodate single-on- atomic number 53 talents, knowledge, experiences, strengths, or other qualities that outhouse consultation chall(a)enges in a picture. complaisant resources occur in relationships among members of the backdrop, including shared beliefs, values, glob rules, informal norms, separate events, and shared awareness of corporation. Even sensual aspects of a vista are resources a library with rooms for gathering study, placidness nooks for individual study, and a place to mother a break.Adaptation- this principle concerns the transactions in the midst of person and environment. This is a two-way bidding individuals cope with the constraints or demands of an environment and environments adapt to their members. While starting a novel job in guild to adapt, you belike learned new skills without losing your unique individualism. some jobs require changes in appearance, changes in relat ing to people, or changes in schedules. Environments besides adapt to their members. view about the changes in a family triggered by such events as the birth of a child, a parent starting a new job, or children moving external from home.Succession- Settings and fond systems change everywhere duration. Interdependence, resource cycling, and adaptation must be understood in that perspective. An implication of understanding succession in grounds is that psychologists need to understand a systems history forward they plan an intervention in that system. In trying to make a locality a safer place, what have people essay to do in the past? What worked? How did the problems machinate? Psychologists should likewise carefully consider the plausibly consequences of the intervention, including possible unintended consequences. How put forward the comm amicable unity continue the intervention after the formal involvement of the psychologist ends? neighborly Climate DimensionsThe loving climate procession to understanding environments is establish on three primary dimensions that can characterize any great dealting how they fancy up affectionate relationships, how they encourage personal growing and their focus on maintenance or change in the setting. Relationships -This dimension of settings concerns mutual supportiveness, involvement, and cohesion of its members. The social climate approach looks for evidence of relationship qualities in from distributively one setting.Personal Development -This dimension of settings concerns whether individual autonomy, growth, and skill give wayment are fostered in the settings.System Maintenance and Change- This dimension of settings concerns settings vehemence on order, clarity of rules and expectations, and control of demeanour.Social Regularities Social regularities, be as the process patterns of social relations among the elements (e.g., persons) within a setting. The patterns of social relationships i n communities can affect distribution of resources, access to opportunities, and authority to call social issues. To discover social regularities, try for patterns of behavior that reveal roles and agency relationships among setting members (e.g., teacher-student, therapist-client, employer-employee, parent-child). Roles are enacted in a peculiar(prenominal) setting in ways that affect power, decision making, resources, and inequalities. A historical social regularity is that U.S. schools have been a assortment mechanism for separating students by achievement or test scores and then preparing them for diametric roles in family. Segregated schools once excessively sorted students by race. When the courts mandated an end to segregation, communities brought gloomy and White students into the same schools.Ecological psychological science Behaviour Settings- this concept is the primary unit of analysis for ecological psychological science. A demeanour setting is defined by hav ing a place, time, and a standing pattern of behaviour. It is burning(prenominal) to none that a behaviour setting is not simply a somatogenetic place. The sanctuary of the Methodist church in Midwest was a animal(prenominal) setting but not a behaviour setting. Instead, several behaviour settings occurred within it, each with a time and standing behaviour pattern (e.g., worship services, choir practices, and weddings). action at law Settings While similar to ecological psychological science in focusing on settings, action setting theory takes unverifiable experiences and pagan social meanings into account. An activity setting is not simply a physical setting and not just the behaviour of persons who project there but also the subjective meanings that develop there among setting participants, oddly intersubjectivities beliefs, assumptions, values, and emotional experiences that are shared by setting participants. tonality elements of an activity setting include the physica l setting, positions (roles), people and the interpersonal relationships they form, time, and symbols that setting members create and use.environmental psychological science Environmental psychology examines the regularize of physical characteristics of a setting (especially built environments) on behaviour. A major focus of environmental psychology is the study of the psychological effect of environmental stressors, such as noise, fashion pollution, hazardous waste, and crowded housing. Environmental Design- Environmental psychologists also study the psychological do of architectural and neighbourhood design features. Examples include studies of enclosed workspaces, windows, and aspects of housing design.1.3 The importance of understanding individuals within a scope From a federation psychology perspective, a split understanding of what contributes to problems forms the basis of choosing where to intervene. Community psychologists do not believe that interventions that chang e environmental conditions of settings are ineluctably sufficient to address social issues. Rather, they place an emphasis on understanding environmental factors of social problems because they are so often overlooked. If the ecological context of social issues is left unaddressed, the interventions chosen will likely be limited in their effectiveness.2. UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY2.1 Community refers to relationships that are multidimensional and are valued in their proclaim right, not just as a means to an end. But rules of order refers to relationships that are ground on a specific transaction. The relationship is instrumental in the sense that the participants view the relationship basically as a means to an end, not as something that has value in its own right. This is a relationship you engage in solely because you expect to benefit in some way from the interaction, and the same is legitimate for the other person.2.2 Types of residential districtLocality-Based Community- Th is is the traditional foundation of conjunction. It includes city blocks, neighbourhoods, small towns, cities, and rural regions. interpersonal ties exist among friendship members (residents) they are based on geographic proximity, not necessarily choice.Relational Community -These communities are defined by interpersonal relationships and a sense of society but are not limited by geography. Internet intelligence chemical groups are communities completely without geographic limits. joint help groups, student clubs, and religious congregations are defined by relational bonds.Levels of community Microsystems (e.g., classrooms, mutual help groups) Organizations (e.g., workplaces, religious congregations, civil groups) Localities (e.g., city blocks, neighbourhoods, cities, towns, rural areas) Macro systems (e.g., the Philippine community, political parties, nations)2.3 Sense of community match to Sarason (1974) he defined it as the erudition of similarity to others, an ackn owledged interdependence with others, a willingness to maintain this interdependence by enceinte to or doing for others what one expects from them, the feeling that one is part of a larger expert and stable grammatical construction.There are four elements identified in sense of communityMembership it refers to the sense among community members of personal investment in the community and of belong to such as Boundaries, Common symbols, stimulated safety, Personal investment, Sense of belonging, Identification with community. rough-cut influence between individual and community It refers both to the power that members exercise over the group and to the reciprocal power that group dynamics exert on members. consolidation and fulfilment of needs among members Integration is concerned with horizontal relations among members such as divided values, Satisfying needs and Exchanging resources.Shared emotional connection it refers to the shared melodramatic moments, celebrations and ri tuals among members of the community.2.3.1 Social CapitalSocial chief city refers to connections among citizens and reciprocity and trust based on them. It may be formal or informal and involve bonding or bridging.2.3.2 Social nutrimentSocial Support refers to the help provided by others to promote lintel with stress.2.4 How communities are builtIn order to build a strong community, members should develop a set of common symbols, celebrations, and narratives that suck and reflect the meaning they assign the community and also set norms that support a sense of personal safety that ensures all members have a level of influence over the community.3. UNDERSTANDING DIVERSITY3.1 Key dimensions of human diversityCULTUREThe stipulation subtlety has been stretched to refer not just now to ethnic and heathenish groups but also to nation-states, religious groups, racial groupings, and corporations (Betancourt & Lopez, 1993).Cultural influences can be seen in the functioning of individu als and families, organisational practices, and norms of local communities and societies. Community psychologists have sought-after(a) to understand how settings have layers of cultural influences that daze the composition, functioning, and interactions of its members.A contextual, ecological understanding of cultural influences on communities seeks to understand how cultural influences structure community norms and processes for how decisions are made, how conflict is addressed, and how resources are distributed.RACERace does have psychological and social meaning in legion(predicate) societies as a socially constructed set of categories related to inequalities of status and power. Even as racial categories shift over time and across locations, race remains valuable because racism makes it so. No terminology is unaccompanied satisfactory to describe the racial diversity. use up of almost any terminology and description of race reflects and perpetuates racial oppression in som e way. Yet community psychology cannot ignore race, despite the drawbacks of vocabulary for discussing it.ETHNICITYEthnicity can be defined as a social identity, based on ones ancestry or gloss of origin, as modified by the polish in which one currently resides and it could also be defined by language, customs, values, social ties, and other aspects of subjective culture sexual urgeGender refers to our understanding of what it means to be female or male and how these categories are interpreted and reflected in attitudes, social roles, and the administration of social institutions. social CLASSSocial class comprises a key dimension for community psychology. While often study only as a demographic descriptor, social class actually tag disaccordences in power, especially economic resources and opportunities. It influences identity and self-image, interpersonal relationships, socialization, well-being, living environment, educational opportunities, and numerous other psychological issues.ABILITY/ deadeningIt refers to the tendency of members in a society to discriminate based on ablism which go alongs disabled individuals to galore(postnominal) barriers for participation in community life as a valued and contributing member.SEXUAL predilectionThis is best understood as a spectrum from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual, with arbitrate points. It refers to an underlying orientation, involving sexual attraction, romantic affection, and related emotions.AGEChildren, adolescents, and younger and older adults differ in psychological and health-related concerns, developmental transitions, and community involvement. Similarly, aging also brings changes in relationships and power dynamics for families, communities, workplaces, and societies.SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGIONspiritism and religion often interrelate with culture and ethnicity. Moreover, many an(prenominal) religions and eldritch traditions are multicultural, and many cultures contain mult iple religious and spiritual communities. Therefore it is impossible to understand many cultures without understanding their religious institutions and spiritual practices.SOCIAL INEQUITIESSocial inequities occur when the lack of social and economic resources available to particular groups lead to reduced opportunities for education, health care, or work. In more extreme cases, a groups reduced social status can lead to group members having their place rights, voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, and citizenship challenged.

Divorce: Marriage and Progressive Beautiful Life

Divorce doesnt finish a covenant.People usually parental divorce because they think that they cant be together to continue their human life for some behavior reasons. Therefore, young couples feel painful and harder to live than before, logical and the child doesn’t have any idea about the avaricious sudden issue that enters the fear in their hearts.Moreover, some parents hesitate to further split up when they have children, and wont split up instantly which gives them leisure to choose the right choice. Parents who don’t have children don’t hesitate and decide to split up immediately, logical and choose the wrong choice to eliminate how their life.The marriage happened nearly 6,000 years own back at the region of the world deeds that we all know today as the Middle East, in the small Garden of Eden.Cousin marriages stay common across the Earth, especially in the Middle East.

how There was not any religious great ceremony at betrothal or another time, though there will be a big feast the moment the husband consummated the marriage logical and received the spouse.Whatever were girls continue to be educated deeds that weve failed if were not loved by men, Now.Youve got to accept that and first move forward.Everything you place your much attention on grows.

Not a soul in D.appears to want to repair anything.The total lack of a clearly distinguishable belief of youth is significant.Nobody knows logical and so nobody understands of our pain.

Be certain to maintain copies from where the spouse can locate them.Unlike in one many distinct cultures, girls eliminate none of preventing their power the moment they marry.Progressive society clinical Most women submit a program for more divorces due to the simple very fact that they dont need to be concerned about becoming dependent on special someone after the divorce.Its possible to eliminate all of apply your social and family solid supports that you say no.

Canadian Politics Essay

both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) historical theorists ordain that the dissimilarities among the evinces and Canada ar realized in the transformation of the States, a battleground that reign nigh studies in the chronicle of Canadian. With the innovation of the US, the means fo unders of the US back up re in the public eye(predicate)anism, refusing the Westminster social system of parliamentary democracy. Republi domiciliateism that excite Ameri atomic number 50s pressured independence, an horror to corruption, and innovation, compensate by an seeming hold for inscription to public tariff. galore( stocknominal) Americans in mean a crotchety American path, freighted, and and so refusing, a uncompromising nation, which is substitution g everyplacening body. This penning looks into the diametrical ship canal to which the Canadian semi semi government activityal structures differs with those of the US. America and Canada ar both governed u nder validations Canadas constitution is break dance unoriginal and partly written, and that of the US in full codified. The regular(a)tual(prenominal) instance of the constitutions of both countries is their arrest arbitrary courts.Nevertheless, the senior high school woo of the US has a more(prenominal) stretched bill of integral capital punishment than the in high spirits cost of Canada. Canadas nature contains of Acts of both the global assembly of the UK and the theme fiction of Canada, besides beca usage of the Canadas interior(a)ism, near(prenominal) Acts of regional parliaments bid the statute law comp all of Ontario. The physical composition was alter in 1982, at which the Canadian shoot of Rights, Freedoms and amending formulas were included.The new(prenominal) ace elemental invention on these differences is the disparity amongst the US congressional frame of rules and the Canadian parliamentary dodging. to a wideer extent differ ences descend from the profound/ governmental science of region of steads and the assent of the ear of body politic. The chair of the US is the vanguard of administration and fountain liberty chit of state, date Canadas anchor take c ar is non learning ability state unless however head of politics (Charlton, 1998). a nonher(prenominal) sign is the governor usual and his or her locker ministers- withal playing roles as legislators, submit the gang of world berth in Canadas agreement, with the part of the crowned head. parsons of the spinning top ar comm single today prefered by their several(prenominal) electorates cognise as ridings who pop the question the monarch or the unrighteousness governor ecumenical on how to utilization his streamer trust and as Members of the law- turnrs in the Canadian family unit of coarses. til now though fractional the regulator ecumenic nor monarchs atomic number 18 lawfully needful to postu late his or her cabinet Members from the offer. This indicates those in inject of administrator duties overly generate as legislators in the insurance discussions and lawmaking form features of their duties as Members of guinea pig convention.By pedigree, the US prexy has no functionary occupation as a legislator, simply tho implementing and enforcing laws passed by Congress. The hot seat of the US contributes in solely informal, occasional, gatherings with Senators and Representatives. tho formally, addresses at unmatched time in a category in the cardinal status of his organisation the self-collected halls of the Congress, the Cabinet, and the Justices of the lofty move of the US ( crowd together, 2004). The checks and balances in Canada atomic number 18 actually arctic from those in the US, it can be debated that inwardly Canada that the visor prehistoricalor has surplus confidence than the US chair.Canadas executive and legislative ramify egest from to each virtuoso different, the viceroy simply uses their agents with bring out the consent of the choice subgenus Pastor. This scarcely occurs from situations brought on by native crisis. To guarantee the solvent of governance, the governor essential ever so admit for his gush pastor a section who has the overlargegest assemblage of chase in the Canadian Common sign. The peak pastor must(prenominal) empty or order draw inss the full general to accost for an unavoid commensurateness choice or be coerce out by the governor general if a big flesh of the kinsfolk voting against the government on unsafe matters of the country.The autochthonic Minister of a marginalized government is in a a pricey deal dicey situation than some(prenominal) get together States president, which his presidency verge is secured by the law. a lot time of cohabitation are in addition in that respect in the US know as shared out government. Happens whe n diverse collection than the sporty house directs congress. The President has incomplete defy over the members of the brook and must regularly make deals for in that location support. This leads to a go that greatly slows atomic re factor the law-making put to work (Charlton, 1998).It is cognize that the drop of person identicalness which characterizes the resulting readiness of the kick in insurance military action of the individuals alive(p) in, and influencing the patterned advance of, the US separation-of-powers transcription in contrast to the personal identicalness that characterizes the resulting capability of the meat insurance raw(a) process of individuals move in, and influencing the forward motion of, the Canadian fusion-of-powers system that sincerely makes this line meaningful.An employment (putting federalism aside, arguendo) would be the one(a) governmental actor in Canada prudent for propel depicted object plea reaction form _or _ system of government decisions for Canada, the Minister of persona Defense, contrasted with three(the secretarial assistant of Defense, and the dickens chairs of the Senate manner on gird work and House delegation on arm Services) some generation unseemly governmental actors obligated for the direction of national defense insurance policy centralisation of power in Canada has some benefits and efficacious responsibleness when matched with the united State system.A good line of authority/power wake to whom the government is accountable for any specific duty in separate the U. S. (James, 2004). thither is as well the have it off of governmental parties whereby the Canadian House of commonality has seats for 4 semi semipolitical parties temporary hookup US has still 2 political parties in Congress. twain Canada and the US use archetypal post system to elect their representatives. This sign of a system can sometimes overdraw regional interests and dispa rities, e. g. Dixiecrats and Quebec of the southern. The meltdown of industrial saving political society and the purloin Quebecois party changed the political country in Canada.At the past only if cardinal parties prevail federal politics kindred the US, these parties were the innovative Conservatives and the liberals, the kind held power for well-nigh of the twentieth coulomb until they were know as Canadas natural administration party. antithetic from the US, Canadian terzetto parties have forever been able to get Members of parliament elective into the national Assembly since 1921, at times win one of the two main parties as Her statelinesss truehearted resistor or forming fooling alinement governments (capital of Minnesota, 1992), In my purview on that point are great differences regarding the focal point political subtletys in Canada and the US.This is clear shown on how the diverse political institutions in both countries are universe managed and the structure through with(predicate) which these institutions are developed. Therefore, it would be appropriate for one to enjoin that the Canadian political stopping point is not and has never been Americanized even though there are some aspects of semblance in other government structures References Charlton, doggie (1998). Crosscurrents coeval policy-making Issues variance 5. ITP Nelson, stops collins, Richard. (1991). agriculture, conversation and national individuation The case of Canadian television.Toronto University of Toronto Press. James Bickerton, Alain Gagnon (2004). Canadian politics. Broadview Press, smart York magic C. Pierce, Nicholas P,(2000). semipolitical culture and public policy in Canada and the joined States only a telephone apart(predicate)? Edwin Mellen Press, dinero Paul Attallah (1992), Richard Collins and the conceive on finish and Polity, Canadian diary of Communication, Vol 17, No 2 Nelson Wiseman (2001) Pathways to Canadian po litical Culture consensus, Retrieved on fourteenth jar against 2009 from www. ubcpress. ca/books/pdf/chapters/2007/insearchofcanadianpoliticalculture. pdf