Do Chinese Firms need to adopt the Anglo-American Model and Can they Essay

Do Chinese Firms need to adopt the Anglo-American Model and Can they adopt it - Essay Example With these elements in place, it becomes easier to state that the Anglo-American model would be successful and implemented rather flawlessly. However, Chinese state-owned firms complicate the process of adopting the Anglo-American model due to Communist influence in Board representation and the manifesto of Communist ideology that is directly opposite to the liberal business and social policies that are entrenched in the Anglo-American model. Government influence in business strategy development, alongside Communist influence at the highest levels of governance, complicate the process of adopting the Western governance model. All situations considered, there is ample research support that the Anglo-American model would be relevant in the privately-owned enterprises in China. The question as to whether it should be adopted is addressed based on the structure of the capital market in China, its securities market, and the nature of the relationship between firms in the country and the r ole of stakeholders as decision-makers in a variety of Chinese industries. Do Chinese firms need to adopt the Anglo-American Model and can they adopt it? Introduction The Anglo-American model of corporate governance is founded on several principles and ideologies. ... The second principle is protectionism, as a primary goal, of corporate constituencies, made up of shareholders, creditors and employees. The Anglo-American corporate governance model establishes the ethical expectations and legally-binding regulations to protect the rights of ownership. This is accomplished with legislation enacted by the Securities and Exchange Commission and other Congressional legalities that ensure the development of Standing Committees, such as in areas of auditing or compensation and nomination committees. The Chinese corporate governance model, both in state-owned and privately-owned institutions, is not completely dissimilar to the Anglo-American model, whereby legal expectations for duty of care over protecting the shareholder and other institutional investors are the primary goals of corporate leadership. This essay describes the comparative aspects of the Chinese versus the Anglo-American system of corporate governance, offering support for the ability of Chinese firms to adopt many of the principles associated with Anglo-American governance. There is ample evidence that Chinese firms can adopt the Anglo-American model due to a variety of national reforms that give more autonomy and control to businesses in the country. The Anglo-American Model The Anglo-American Model of corporate governance was adopted under the principles and ideologies of a capitalistic and free market economy. This type of system is a holistic economic system whereby methods of production, industry and trade maintain control by private business ownership where profitability for the corporation are primary objectives (Durlauf and Blume 2008). The free market economy is one where demand and supply are segregated from governmental control and authority, whereby

Conceptual Theoretical Frameworks Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conceptual Theoretical Frameworks - Dissertation Example These factors can be broadly classified as curricular, institutional, political as well as economic, and social ones. Besides these listed factors, some of the factors that led to the increase in the number of nontraditional students are the existence of evening and weekend programs and even the existence of various courses that were taught in central locations and shopping malls. The political forces that emerged from the victory during the era of the World War II further facilitated the enrollment growth. The term nontraditional students refer to any learner in an institution of higher learning that hails from any part of the country that is from either urban or rural areas and the learner can be of any race and can be of any social state. According to Stewart and Rue (1983), nontraditional student can be defined as any learner who happens to be 25 years old or even more. However, this definition has been disputed by other authors and the reason for the dispute is the fact that the use of age is not satisfactory for the determination of the term nontraditional. Traditional students, on the other hand, can be referred to as learners that fall within an age bracket of 18 and 24 years and are attending college full time as well as residing in colleges. The difference between nontraditional and traditional students can, therefore, lie in the age, college attendance, and their residence. Structure of the Conceptual Model The conceptual model proposed by Bean and Metzner (1985) indicates that decisions involving dropouts basically rely on four variables, and these variables are background and defining variables, academic variables, environmental variables, and an intention to persist variable. Background and defining variables primarily concern various educational goals and the performance from high schools. Academic variables concern the performance, and the students with a low performance are expected to drop out of school at a higher rate compared to the student s with a higher performance. The third variable is environmental, and these variables are concerned with direct effects on the various decisions of dropping out of school (Tinto, 1975). Finally, the fourth variable is the intent to persist variable; and this variable is primarily affected by various psychological outcomes as well as various academic variables. The various variables are related through direct and indirect effects though the indirect effects can be easily calculated and testing of the resultant statistical significance brought about by these effects can be carried out. In the model, the various paths can be estimated using common convention that is capable of calculating both indirect and direct effects for each variable, which is independent, and the result is the greatest effect that is the sum of indirect and direct effects. A larger proportion of undergraduate student population is composed of commuter students, and the trends in the enrollment of these commuter s tudents are expected to increase because of the decrease in the number of the traditional age. The rate of attrition of nontraditional students is high, and commuter students generally take up the gaps left by these students. Community Retention Model According to Stahl and Pavel (1992), the community retention model had a lot of emphasis on two-year college nontraditional students, and the aspects of social integration were eliminated, and this elimination was due to the construct for two-year college nontraditional student decision persistence. The model has four variables, a

Unfair distribution of resources in africa Essay

Unfair distribution of resources in africa - Essay Example The first one supports "continuing to discourage ethnic identification with a view to promoting statewide unity" (Presbey, 2003), or in other words- this approach believes in tearing down the ethnic differences that divide citizens of the same country, uniting everyone and as a result- encouraging a proper and sensible allocation of resources which does not take ethnic origins into consideration when deciding how to allocate the available resources. Contrary to this is the other approach which is extremely prevalent in African governments- taking peoples ethnic allegiances as they are and devising a federal state based on ethnic regions. When this is done, the government then chooses to allocate most resources to the regions associated with their own ethnicity. In other words, government officials allocate resources so that people from their own ethnicity will benefit much more and receive the most, whereas people from other ethnicities suffer from deprivation and an apparent lack of resources. Presbey claims that this method of allocating resources to benefic one group (or groups) at the expense of another group (or groups) started when Africa was controlled by colonial forces. They began a system in which rural farmers were underpaid for their produce, which later subsidized urban centers. That meant that the farmers who worked very hard did not receive any proper compensation for their hard work, their goods were taken away from them and then sold to everyone else, and while the rich could afford to buy this and gain access to other resources and infrastructures- the poor could not, and did not get the resources they needed. This is exactly like what is happening today, according to Presbey, because the Africans just adopted the "colonial system" of resource allocation. What is done today is very similar to what was done then- those who are in control of the country misuse

Paper on Display Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper on Display - Essay Example From the center, a cloth runs from top to bottom vertically covering almost three-quarters of the black background. The cloth has a mixture of colors and artistic display resembling the feathers of an ostrich.From three-quarter of the height there is a yellow strip running from one side to the other horizontally forming the letter â€Å"X†. The yellow strip is labelled with the words caution and it also runs across the bottom. The yellow strip line is significant as it arouses the curiosity of the onlooker, to have the urge of finding what is happening at that section. On the vertical section, a number of pictures are displayed showing a woman probably â€Å"Madonna† wearing almost similar clothes with the sample cloth shown. At the center, there is a smaller bedroom drawer placed with some of it compartments slightly opened. Hanging from inside the drawer are probably white net-like bras. At the top of the drawer, there is a glass frame that covers a white paper inside with details of the sample items displayed. To the left of the screen there are two black boxes of different sizes the smaller one on top of the bigger one. Two pictures of woman â€Å"black and white† are attached at the sides of the larger box. On top of the larger box a tablet leans on the smaller box in an upright manner. On the tablet display a woman â€Å"Madonna† is seen singing. On top of the lower box a pair of high heeled boots-like ladies shoes are placed on a white cardboard. To the right hand corner of the display, there is a â€Å"lady puppet† position in a half-sitting-standing position. The â€Å"puppet† is dressed with a long black net sleeved blouse. The white net-skirt also barely reaches the knees. On the hands of the â€Å"puppet† there is a silver like bracelet to complement the outfit. On the neck there are various shiny necklaces. However, there is one long necklace with a diamond like structure at its end. There is also a black belt that is tied around the

Fukuyama Francis The end of history The national Interest (Summer Essay

Fukuyama Francis The end of history The national Interest (Summer 1989) - Essay Example He insists, therefore, in this case that the threat to the security and the freedom rights of people are no longer available. The history has, therefore, come to its conclusion from this point (Fukuyama 54). The phrase, â€Å"end of history,† according to Fukuyama symbolizes the end of human â€Å"ideological evolution,† the search for good governance that encompasses the rights and freedoms of every citizen within it. The most important information in the text is the urge for change or move from capitalism to communism. Mankind underwent transformation from the tiny under civilized forms of government to higher and progressive forms of governments systems. It is from this notion that Fukuyama where insists that the history would assume its ending in an absolute moment. He also believed that through such ending, only the victorious forms of government will assume the power to head such states. Upon the assumption of power, the citizens will be able to realize good governance that respects their democratic rights. The government too will also be able to understand their social, cultural, economic, and political backgrounds. Such type of governance will in turn foster the peaceful coexistence of the country’s citizens (Fukuyama 110). The main conclusion (explicit or implicit) in this article is that the homogenous state would eventually become victorious throughout the material world since ideological development has, in fact, ended. As presented by Fukuyamas context, it is not a must that all societies be liberal to become successful (Fukuyama 218). Clear evidence about this situation is in their difference in their ideological pretensions of representing different and higher forms of human society. The main assumptions underlying an author’s thinking are that the country would change from a communist state to a capitalist state. He also believed that the country would attain a liberal form of government with free

The Localization of Management in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11250 words

The Localization of Management in China - Essay Example 3.8 HR Departments 37 3.9 Chinese Characteristics 46 Chapter 3 - Structure 49 Chapter 4 - Research Methodology 50 A.- Research Framework 50 B.- Research Procedure 52 C.- Research Methods 52 4.1 Primary Research 53 4.2 Secondary Sources- Surveys 53 4.3 Reliability of Material 54 4.5 Qualitative and Quantitative Research 55 Bibliography 60 List of Tables and Figures Table 1 20 Table 2 25 Table 3 33 Table 4 47 Table 5... The localization of management in China has to be examined with understanding the implications and considerations for foreign companies which requires a number of critical considerations. The roots of the issue are inherent in the understanding of China, as this is core of the management operation. This process requires that the companies involved in an understanding the dynamics of the operation should consider understanding the culture of the country as other factors are the rooted within the question. Thus, the main hypothesis represents: Chapter Two: Introduction: In order to understand the implications as well as considerations of the localization of management in China, one must realize that over one-fifth of the world's population live there. China has recorded double digit economic growth throughout the 1990s, and 2000s, and is well on its way to becoming the number one economy in the world (Kai-Alexander, 2002, p. 3). The importance of the country's huge domestic market has been, and is attracting business investment, which has implications for both the firms entering as well as already in the market. The foregoing also has implications for the Chinese national employed in the managerial level. A key factor in understanding the cultural dimensions of the Chinese is the historical turmoil that the country has undergone.

Law of property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of property - Essay Example For instance, Section 1 of the law identifies legal estates and equitable interests, while section 37 of the law identifies the rights of a husband and wife in regard to acquisition of properties (Clarke and Kohler, 2005). This paper focuses on analyzing the right of ownership of a real property, between cohabiting couples. On this basis, it is important to distinguish between real property and personal property. The following are the differences that exists between real and personal properties (Ferguson, Buck and Wright, 2004) , Real estate properties can be owned in a limited capacity, while there is no way an individual can own a personal property in a limited capacity. Upon the death of the owner of real property, the next owner is the heir of the property. In regard to personal property, the statute of distribution guards the manner in which property passes on to another individual. In entering a contract that involves real property, it must be in writing. This is because these contracts are governed by section 29 of the Statute of Frauds. Contracts involving personal property do not need to be in writing. Parties to the contract will only write the contractual agreement if the case falls under section 17 of the Statute of Frauds. Some provisions of the Mortmain act govern the transfer of real property, for purposes of protecting immediate family members from disinheritance. However, the Mortmain act does not regulate any activities of personal property, only if Chattels are involved. It is not a requirement to register mortgages under real property; however, mortgages under personal property must be registered. Basing on this background, there is extensive argument in the United Kingdom on the relevance of various property laws in the country that protects cohabiting couples. For instance on January 23RD, Lord Justice Toulson allowed Pamela Curran to appeal a decision by a county court in 2010 of stripping her rights of sharing the properties she accumula ted with Brian Collins. According to the judge, the property laws that regulate the sharing of properties by cohabiting couples in the United Kingdom were unfair to cohabiting couples (Ward, 2013). According to this case, Miss Curran had a relationship with Brian Collins from 1970s, to 2010 when the relationship came to an end. Miss Curran worked together with Brian in his business, and they lived together in his home. However, after the relationship ended, Mr. Collins threw her out of his house, leaving her penniless. However, Lord Judge Toulson denoted that the county court just applied the law (Ward, 2013). In 2007, the Law Commission in England made a recommendation for the government to change the cohabiting laws in England, so that couples cohabiting will have the same status as married couples. According to the commission, the government should create laws that provide for financial relief to cohabiting couples when they separate. According to the commission, these laws shoul d reflect the contributions of the couples in the relationship (Halsbury, 2011). They further recommend that the couples, who should benefit from the laws, are those who have lived together for a minimum period of time, and have children together. According to their recommendations, couples might gain relief from these laws, if they have a written agreement on how they will share their properties once they separate (Toler, 2012). In 2008, the government of UK said it had no intention of